General Medicine - Haematology Flashcards
Itching after shower. Think?
Polycythaemia Vera
Osteolytic lesions on CXR. Think?
Multiple Myeloma
Multiple myeloma CXR finding?
Osteolytic lesions
Hyposplenism blood film?
Howell Jolly Bodies and schistocytes
Lead poisoning blood film?
Basophilic stipling and cabot rings
Hemolytic anaemia blood film?
Schistocytes
Roleaux formation found in?
Myeloma and chronic inflammation
Myeloma blood film?
Rouleux formation
Type of anaemia in copresentation of IDA and B12 deficiency?
Normocytic anaemia
CRAB pneumonic? Which condition?
Multiple Myeloma C Hypercalcaemia R Renal Failure A Anaemia B Bone fractures/lytic lesions
DIC investigation findings - platelets and coagulation studies
low platelet count
prolonged PT, APTT, bleeding time
also raised platelet degradation products (PDP)
5HIAA urinary test indicated to investigate which condition?
Carcinoid Syndrome
Pharma treatment for Wilson’s Disease?
Penicillamine - chelating agent
Trientine - if intolerant to Penicillamine
Appearance of Burkitt’s Lymphoma biopsy?
Starry sky appearance
How does GORD cause anaemia?
Bleeding from long term oesophagitis.
Poikilocytes on blood film associated with which condition?
Myelofibrosis
Which factor deficient in Haemophilia A?
Factor 8
Which factor deficient in Haemophilia B?
Factor 9
Haemarthrosis is associated with which clotting disorders?
Haemophilia A and B
Myasthenia Gravis is associated with which kind of tumor?
Thymoma
Coagulation test changes in vWillebrand’s Disease?
Bleeding time - prolonged
APTT - prolonged
Platelet count - normal
Acute chest syndrome is a risk factor of which haematological condition?
Sickle Cell Disease
How does acute chest syndrome present?
- Dyspnoea
- Chest pain
- Cough
- Pulmonary infiltrates on CXR
Findings in Rotor Syndrome
Hyperbilirubinaemia , both conjugated and unconjugated
Risk of Tamoxifen therapy?
Increased risk of VTE
Pharma treatment for neutopenia?
Filgrastim
Filgrastim use?
Granulocyte Colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for neutropenia
ABVD chemotherapy drugs?
A - Adriamycin
B - Bleomycin
V - Vinblastine
D- Dacarbazine
Inheritance pattern of Haemochromatosis?
Autosomal recessive
Tumor lysis syndrome presentaion?
- Increase serum creatinine
- Cardiac arhythmmias
- Seizure
Which drug for malaria prophylaxis can trigger G6PD deficiency?
Primaquine
Risk factor of Primaquine?
Can trigger G6PD deficiency
Use of Primaquine?
Malaria prophylaxis
Effect on TIBC in Anaemia of Chronic Disease?
Low or normal
Effect on TIBC in IDA
Increased
Use of direct coomb’s test?
To confirm autoimmune/ haemolytic anaemia
Use of indirect coomb’s test?
To check for rhesus hemolytic disease of the newborn
British Journal of Haematology Guidelines for patients on Warfarin having major surgery?
- If surgery can wait 4-8 hours, 5mg of Vit. K iv
2. If surgery cannot wait - Four factor prothrombin complex concentrate
Factors found in 4 factor prothrombin complex
2,7,9,10
Use of irradiated blood products?
Depletes T-lymphocytes to reduce risk of transfusion graft vs host disease. Usually used when immune system compromised
Haemochromatosis iron study findings?
Transferrin saturation - increased
Ferritin - increased
TIBC - reduced
What is TIBC a measure of?
Measure available binding sites on transferrin.
Which condition has Reed - Sternburg cells?
Hodgekin’s Lymphoma
Mirror image nuclei also called?
Reed Sternburg Cells
Genetic mutation in Burkitt’s lymphoma?
C-myc gene translocation
Bleeding gums. Think?
Scurvy - Vitamin C deficiency
Most common type of Lymphoma in the UK?
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Antiphospholipid syndrome / Hughes Syndrome risk?
Immune system disorder that increases the risk of blood clots - increased risk of DVT
4 types of Hodgekin’s Lymphoma
- Nodular Sclerosing
- Mixed Cellularity
- Lymphocyte rich
- Lymphocyte delpleted
Effect on caeruloplasmin levels in Wilson’s disease?
Reduced
Role of caeruloplasmin?
Major carrying protein in the blood. Plays a role in iron metabolism.
What is a cystic hygroma?
Fluid filled sac that results from a blockage in the lymphatic system
Lemon tinge to the skin associated with with condition
Pernicious anaemia. Yellow due to anaemia and mild jaundice. Patients also have reduced vibration sensation, reflex loss and weakness due to reduced B12
If treating B12 and folate deficiency, which should be treated first and why?
B12 deficiency treated first to prevent subacute combined degradation of the cord (Lichtheim’s Disease)
Platelets have risk of infection by what kind of bacteria? What temp. are they stored at ?
Gram + . Stored at room temperature. Risk of iatrogenic septicaemia.
Packed red cells have risk of infection by what kind of bacteria? What temp are they stored at
Gram negative. Stored at 4 degrees.
Which factors are reduced by Warfarin?
2,7,9,10
How to treat major bleeding in patient on Warfarin Therapy?
Prothrombin complex concentrate (25-50 U/kg) + Vit. K(5mg iv) + stop Warfarin
