General Laboratory Safety Flashcards
Based on PPT
Used wherever “hazards of processes or environment, chemical hazards, radiological hazards, or mechanical irritants are encountered in a manner capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact”
PPE standard
TRUE OR FALSE
PPE Standard requires employers provide and pay for PPE
TRUE
Cancer-causing agents (carcinogens)
Toxins (Those affecting liver, kidney, nervous system)
Irritants
Corrosives
Sensitizers
Agents that act on the blood system or damage the lungs, skin, eyes, or mucous membranes
Chemical Hazards in the laboratory
Laboratory Standard (Five major elements)
Hazard identification
Chemical hygiene plan
Information and training
Exposure monitoring
Medical consultation and examinations
These hazards are present in various sources throughout the laboratory such as blood and body fluids, culture specimens, body tissue and cadavers and laboratory animals, as well as other workers
Biological hazards
Biological agents (other than bloodborne pathogens) and Biological Toxins
Biological Hazards
Designed to protect workers from the health hazards of exposure to bloodborne pathogens
OSHA Bloodborne pathogens (BBP) standard
A written exposure control plan, provide training to exposed worker, and comply with other requirements of the standard, including use of standard precautions when dealing with blood and OPIM
OSHA Bloodborne pathogens (BBP) standard
OSHA revised the bloodborne pathogens standard:
Employers to select safer needle devices and to involve workers in identifying and choosing these devices
Maintain a log of injuries from contaminated sharps
Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act
Materials which burn or ignite
Example: Acetonitrile, Methanol. Diesel Fuel, Mineral Spirits
FLAMMABLE
(logo is red with fire 3)
Materials which cause visible destruction and/or irreversible alterations at point of contact
Example: Acetic Acid, Photographic Fixer, Sodium Hydroxide
CORROSIVE
(logo is half white half grey and has a hand na tinatapunan ng test tube, 8)
Materials which are liable to explode or react violently on contact with air, water or other chemicals
Example: Benzoyl Peroxide, Nitric Acid, Picric Acid, Silane, Sodium Metal
REACTIVE
(logo is yellow with fire symbol that has circle in the middle, 5.1)
Materials which cause harm if they enter the body, such as carcinogens, mutagens and poisons
Example: Benzene, Bromine, Powdered Inks and/or Pigments, Sodium Azide, Formaldehyde
TOXI
(logo is with with skull symbol, 6)
Materials which cause harm by irritating the eyes and/or skin, and cause allergic reactions, drowsiness, lack of coordination and/or organ damage
IRRITANT
(logo is an exclamation point with red borders on white background, no number)
Materials which are toxic and/or cause harm to the environment at large, particularly aquatic animals
Example: Anthrax, Arsenic, Asbestos, Lead, Mercury, Oil
ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD
(logo has red border and a fish dying and a naked tree, no number)
(1) Other body fluids: semen, vaginal secretions, cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, pleural fluid, pericardial fluid, peritoneal fluid, amniotic fluid, saliva in dental procedures, any body fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood
(2) Any unfixed tissue or organ (other than intact skin) from a human (living or dead); and
(3) HIV- or HBV- containing cell or tissue cultures, organ cultures and HIV or HBV-containing culture medium or other solutions; and blood, organs, or other tissues from experimental animals infected with HIV or HBV
OPIM means:
Caused by musculoskeletal strains
Ergonomic Hazards
Laboratory workers are at risk for repeititve motion injuries during routine laboratory procedures such as pipetting, working aat microscopes, operating microtomes, using cell counters and keyboarding at computer workstations
Ergonomic Hazards
Repetitive motion injuries develop over time and occur when muscles and joints are stressed, tendons are inflamed, nerves are pinched and the flow of blood is restricted.
Standing and working in awkward positions in front of laboratory hoods/biological safety cabinets can also present these problems
Ergonomic Hazards
Sets forth the limitations on exposure to radiation from atomic particles.
OSHA’s Ionizing Radiation Standard
Sources are found in a wide range of occupational settings, including laboratories. These radiation sources can pose a considerable health risk to affected workers if not properly controlled
Ionizing Radiation
Described as a series of energy waves composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields travelling at the speed of light
Non-ionizing Radiation
Nonionizing radiation includes the spectrum of
Ultraviolet (UV)
Visible light
Infared (IR)
Microwave (MW)
Radio Frequency (RF)
Extremely Low frequency (ELF)
Commonly operate in the UV, Visible, and IR frequencies
Lasers
Found in a wide range of occupational settings and can pose a considerable health risk to potentially exposed workers if not properly controlled
Non-ionizing radiation
OSHA’s Occupational Noise Exposure standard requires employers to develop and implement a hearing conservation program that includes __ if Workers are exposed to a time-weighted average (TWA) of ≥85 dBA.
Use of PPE (e.g hearing protectors)
In addition when workers are exposed to noise levels ≥85 dBA, the employer must develop a monitoring program to assess noise levels
Safety Hazards
Centrifuges due to the ___ at which they operate, have great potential for injuring users if not operated properly
High Speed
Safety Hazards
___ centrifuge rotors can result in injury, even death.
Unbalanced
Sample container breakage can generate __ that may be harmful if inhaled
aerosols
Majority of all centrifuge accidents are the result of ___
user error
Potential for possible electrocution or electric shock or contact with electrical hazards factors
Faulty electrical equipment/instrumentation or wiring;
Damaged receptacles and connectors
Unsafe Work practices
Most common serious hazard that one faces in a typical laboratory
Fire
Laboratories especially those using solvents in any quantity have the potentials for:
Flash fires
Explosion
Rapid spread of fire
High toxicity of products and combustion (heat, smoke, and flame)
Worker exposure to wet floors or spills and clutter leads to
Trips, Slips, and Falls
In addition to being a slip hazard, continually wet surfaces promote the growth of ________ that can cause infections
mold, fungi, and bacteria
Keep floors clean and dry
Provide warning (caution) signs for wet floor areas
Trips, Slips and Falls
Maintain drainage and provide false floors, platforms, mats, or other dry standing places where practicable or provide appropriate waterproof footgear
Where wet processes are used
Standard that requires all employers keep all places of employment clean and orderly in a sanitary condition
Walking/Working Surfaces standard
TRUE OR FALSE
Acceptable eyewash facilities within the immediate work area for emergency use is provided by the employers to prevent exposure
TRUE
(If there is any possibility that a worker’s eyes may be splashed with solutions containing 0.1% or greater formaldehyde)
RACE in case of fire
R = Rescue/remove all occupants
A = Activate the alarm system
C = Confine the fire by closing doors
E = Evacuate / Extinguish
PASS for fire extinguishers
P = Pull the pin
A = Aim extinguisher nozzle at the base of the fire
S = Squeeze the trigger while holding the extinguisher upright
S = Sweep the extinguisher from side to side; cover the fire with the spray
To ensure quality services that guarantees patient’s satisfaction
To produce high quality sections within and between laboratories
To generate accurate, timely and complete reports
To reduce turn around time
To promote ethics and professionalism
To enhance improved performance
To enhance continuous training and professional development
Objectives of quality control in histopathology laboratory
Surgical pathology
Cytopathology report
Autopsy report
Histopath reports
How many number of copies prepared per report
Three copies
Signatories
Request forms
Result forms
Specimen handling
Fix First
Label
Routine turn-over of results
Surgical pathology and cytology
Frozen section
Autopsy report
Storage of specimen, tissue blocks, slides
Specimen
(and if medicolegal)
3-6mos
3 years if medicolegal
Storage of specimen, tissue blocks, slides
Tissue blocks
At least 10 years
Storage of specimen, tissue blocks, slides
Slides
At least 10 years
Laboratory design
Personnel
Equipment
Sampling
Request form
Fixation
Transportation
Registration
Laboratory number
Reagets
ICT
Pre-analytical Requirements
Grossing
Tissue processing
Standard Operating Procedures
Controls
Equipment
Screening of slides
Analytical Requirements
Reporting
Interpretation
Typing of reports
Communication
Adulting
Dispatch of reports
Block archive
Tissue Bank
CPD
Inventory
Critical Value reporting
Quality assurance
Laboratory Information System
Post-Analytical Requirements
Results details will include at least:
Patient identification data
Name and address of the laboratory
Name of requesting physician
Laboratory ID number
Data of specimen procurement (specimen date)
Date of arrival of the specimen in the laboratory
Sample type
Anatomical site of origin
Relevant clinical details
Any invasive lesions are classified and graded according to __
National protocols and guidelines
Microscopic diagnosis will record all grades of
squamous and/or glandular intra-epithelial neoplasia and invasive lesions
Distribution of a lesion will note if an orientated specimen has been submitted
Other significant pathologic features such as _____ will be recorded
significant inflammatory changes
Performance evaluations
Periodic audit of histopathology outcomes
Monitoring of non-conformities
MDT review of slides
Monitoring histopathology detection and reporting rates
Correlation of cytology with clinical/histological outcome
Quality Requirement Internal quality control
Time between date and reporting results of the specimen from date of specimen arrival within the laboratory
Small and Large Specimens
Quality assurance in histopathology turnaround time (TAT)
