General Knowledge Flashcards
Which of the following suture patterns achieves tissue apposition:
A. Gambee
B. Cushings
C. Lembert
D. Connell
A. Gambee
The blood supply to the stomach originates from which artery?
The celiac artery
The salivary gland usually associated with a sialocoele is the…
sublingual salivary gland
The oesophagus differs from the remainder of the intestinal tract in that it has one less layer in its wall. Which of the following intestinal layers is absent in the oesophagus:
A. mucosa
B. submucosa
C. tunica muscularis
D. serosa
D. serosa
Of the breeds of dogs and cat listed below which is most commonly diagnosed with a type 1 hiatal hernia?
- Siamese (cat)
- Shar-pei (dog)
- Lhasa apso (dog)
- Pug (dog)
Shar-pei (dog)
The commonest intestinal tumour in the cat is
Lymphoma
The commonest reason for incisional rupture in cats and dogs is
Surgeon error
The pylorus is located
- ventrally on the right side of the abdomen
- ventrally on the left side of the abdomen
- dorsally on the right side of the abdomen
- dorsally on the left side of the abdomen
- ventrally on the right side of the abdomen
The most likely cause of acute onset immediate regurgitation and distress on swallowing solid food in an 8 month old West Highland White Terrier is
oesophageal foreign body
A gravel sign is seen with..?
Partial obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract
A cervical salivary mucocele usually occurs due to leakage of saliva from which salivary gland(s)/duct complex(es)?
Sublingual salivary gland/duct complex.
Air within the tissue planes of the neck can potentially arise from which of the following reasons:
A) Oropharyngeal penetrating injury.
B) Cervical oesophageal tear.
C) Penetrating skin wound.
D) All the options.
E) Tracheal tear.
D) All the options.
Which type of sialocele can present as a life-threatening airway obstruction?
Pharyngeal
Dogs that have recurrent swelling and abscessation of the neck several weeks to months after treatment of a stick injury are likely to have…
Residual foreign material
Which surgical approach is recommended for a cervical oesophageal injury?
A ventral middle approach is recommended for most surgery on the cervical oesophagus because the anatomy of this region is more familiar to us, it allows us to recognise and avoid important structures such as the vagosympathetic trunks, carotid arteries, jugular veins and trachea, and it allows access to both right and left sides of the oesophagus simultaneously.
The commonest location for a salivary mucocele is…
Cervical
Of the following imaging modalities which gives the most information about the site and severity of a stick injury?
A CT scan gives much more detailed information regarding the site of the injury, the structures that have been damaged and the presence of any larger foreign body fragments.
Which type or breed of dog is most commonly diagnosed with an oesophageal foreign body?
Terriers are over-represented in all large studies reporting oesophageal foreign bodies. The reason for this is unknow.
What is the general recommendation for suturing an oesophagotomy incision?
Perform a one-layer closure using a simple interrupted approximating pattern.
The blood supply to the stomach originates from which artery?
Celiac
Identify the area of small intestines (duodenum, jejunum, or ileum) from the description:
“This part of the small intestines is suspended by a relatively short mesentery compared to the other sections of small intestine.”
Duodenum
When a dog is positioned in right lateral recumbency, if there are moderate amounts of fluid and air in the stomach, which part of the stomach will become filled with fluid? (2)
Pyloric antrum and pylorus
Which is the strength holding layer of the intestines?
Submucosa
Identify the area of small intestines (duodenum, jejunum, or ileum) from the description:
“A segment of this part of the intestine is anchored deep (dorsal) within the abdomen to the descending colon by a ligament.”
Duodenum
The commonest intestinal tumour diagnosed in the dog is:
Adenocarcinoma
The term epithelial “restitution” refers to the:
Mobilisation of epithelial cells around a defect in the gastric mucosa and migration of these cells to cover the defect.
What techniques are suitable for managing necrosis of the fundus secondary to GDV? (3)
Invagination of the necrotic portion of the stomach.
Partial gastrectomy using an automatic stapling device.
Partial gastrectomy with a sutured closure.
The fundus, body and pyloric antrum of the stomach all produce mucus. Which of the following substances does the pyloric antrum also produce?
Gastrin
Which breed of dog is recognised as being at increased risk of congenital hiatal hernia?
Shar pei
The dehiscence rate associated with enterotomy to remove intestinal foreign bodies in dogs has recently been reported in a large retrospective study as:
2%
The loss of domain that can occur with chronic abdominal/diaphragmatic hernias and ruptures is explained by which of the following statements?
A) The inability to close the abdominal wall following chronic “emptiness” of the abdomen causing “contraction” of the body wall.
B) The compromise to the circulation that occurs due to the increase in intra-abdominal pressure that can occur when herniated abdominal organs are returned to a chronically “empty” abdomen and the abdominal incision is closed under tension.
C) The inability to reduce the herniated organs due to adhesion formation.
D) The compression of blood supply to the herniated organs by twisting of the vascular pedicle of compression by the hernial ring.
A) The inability to close the abdominal wall following chronic “emptiness” of the abdomen causing “contraction” of the body wall.
Which of the following suture materials would be the best choice for repair of a hernia?
Cat gut.
Poliglecaprone.
Polydioxanone.
Silk.
polydioxane
This suture material is monofilament and slowly absorbed with a long duration of maintaining tensile strength. These characteristics make it a good choice of suture material for repair of a rupture or hernia.
Which of the following factors can cause postoperative ileus?
A) General anaesthesia.
B) Opioid analgesia.
C) All the options.
D) Hypokalaemia.
C) All the options.
Which of the following findings on abdominal ultrasound examination will not be present in a patient that is suffering post-operative ileus?
A) An absence of peristalsis.
B) Free abdominal fluid.
C) Fluid filled loops of intestine
D) All the options.
B) Free abdominal fluid.
Sliding hiatal hernia may be difficult to identify because…
The herniation of abdominal contents is intermittent.
Re-expansion pulmonary oedema associated with repair of a chronic diaphragmatic rupture occurs most commonly at what time in relation to surgery?
Within 2 days of surgery
A diagnosis of perineal hernia is usually made by…
Rectal exam
Which breed of dog is recognised as being at increased risk of congenital hiatal hernia?
Sharpei
The dehiscence rate associated with enterotomy to remove intestinal foreign bodies in dogs has recently been reported in a large retrospective study as:
2%
The loss of domain that can occur with chronic abdominal/diaphragmatic hernias and ruptures is explained by which of the following statements?
A) The inability to close the abdominal wall following chronic “emptiness” of the abdomen causing “contraction” of the body wall.
B) The compromise to the circulation that occurs due to the increase in intra-abdominal pressure that can occur when herniated abdominal organs are returned to a chronically “empty” abdomen and the abdominal incision is closed under tension.
C) The inability to reduce the herniated organs due to adhesion formation.
D) The compression of blood supply to the herniated organs by twisting of the vascular pedicle of compression by the hernial ring.
A) The inability to close the abdominal wall following chronic “emptiness” of the abdomen causing “contraction” of the body wall.
Which of the following suture materials would be the best choice for repair of a hernia?
Cat gut.
Poliglecaprone.
Polydioxanone.
Silk.
Polydioxanone
Which of the following factors can cause postoperative ileus?
General anaesthesia.
Opioid analgesia.
All the options.
Hypokalaemia.
All the options.
Which of the following findings on abdominal ultrasound examination will not be present in a patient that is suffering post-operative ileus?
An absence of peristalsis.
Free abdominal fluid.
Fluid filled loops of intestine.
All the options.
Free abdominal fluid.
Sliding hiatal hernia may be difficult to identify because…
The herniation of abdominal contents is intermittent
Re-expansion pulmonary oedema associated with repair of a chronic diaphragmatic rupture occurs most commonly at what time in relation to surgery?
First 2 days post op
A diagnosis of perineal hernia is usually made by…
Rectal exam
