General Knowledge Flashcards
You have performed an ovariohysterectomy in a 18 month old female great Dane in the morning. In the evening, the dog is still unable to stand up in her cage, her heart rate is high (HR : 135 bpm RR: 80-100 bpm) and her mucous membrane are pale with a CRT of 3 sec ( Normal <2sec). What is MOST LIKELY causing these clinical signs?
Internal hemorrhage
What is the most common cause of urinary incontinence in puppies?
Cystic calculi
You have diagnosed chronic prostatitic abscessation in an 8 year old entire male German Shepherd Dog. What is the most appropriate treatment for this case?
Castration and combined antibiotic therapy following culture
Which anatomical structure do you need to reflect ventro-medially to approach the right kidney?
The descending duodenum
A 4-year-old neutered male Yorkshire terrier presents with dysuria and haematuria. A catheter passes easily into his bladder. There is some acoustic shadowing of his bladder contents on ultrasound examination. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Bladder calculus
What is the main indication of the Subcutaneous Ureteral Bypass technique?
To manage permanent ureteral obstruction
Which technique is not recommended for the management of a renal cyst?
Cyst Marsupialization
What is the name of the technique used to correct recessed vulva in dogs
Episioplasty
Which other anatomical abnormality is commonly found in female dogs with ectopic ureters?
Vestibulovaginal septal remnants
What is the most common bacteria cultured from prostatic abscesses?
E. Coli
What is the name of the manoeuvre that needs to be done to access the left retroperitoneal space where the left kidney and ureter lie?
Colonic manoeuvre
Which surgical technique is applicable for the treatment of a hydroureter secondary to an intramural ectopic ureter?
Neoureterostomy
Under normothermic conditions, how long can a kidney be maintained under ischaemic conditions without developing irreversible lesions?
20 mins
What is the name given to the imaging technique that consists in injection of contrast agent directly into the renal pelvis?
Antegrade pyelography
What is the main indication of Subcutaneous Ureteral Bypass placement in cats?
Ureterolithiasis
What is a ureterocele?
A dilatation of the distal ureter
What proportion of dogs with ectopic ureter have urodynamic characteristics of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence?
70%
What is the most common reason to perform a renal biopsy?
Proteinuria
The largest diameter possible of a ureteroureterostomy is accomplished by:
Spatulating ends
Which nerve is considered the “voiding” nerve of the bladder?
Pelvic
Which breed of dog is predisposed to urethral prolapse?
English Bulldog
What is the reported success rate of phenylpropanolamine treatment of USMI in dogs?
75%
Which region of the bladder contains cells capable of intense multiplication after cystectomy?
Trigone
Which surgical technique used to treat USMI is the only adjustable technique?
Artificial urethral sphincter
Whilst performing a perineal urethrostomy in cats, which anatomical landmark indicates the level at which to access the widest portion of the urethra?
Bulbo-urethralis glands
In which location is a urethrostomy most commonly performed in dogs?
Scrotal
Why is a standard cystotomy performed on the ventral aspect the bladder?
Less risk to damage the ureterovesical junction
What is the name of the special catheter which can be placed minimally invasively to drain the bladder percutaneously?
Pigtail
Abdominal radiography performed on a 9-year-old castrated Cocker Spaniel presented for stranguria reveals a mineralised mass in the caudal abdomen/pelvis, just caudal to the bladder neck. A small lytic lesion is present in the body of L7. Which condition are you most concerned about in this case?
Prostatic Neoplasia
A 3-month-old male Boston terrier is presented with the ventral border to the prepuce and penis absent and a urethral opening visible cranial to the scrotum. What further diagnostics are required to reach a diagnosis of hypospadias?
Your clinical examination is sufficient to reach a diagnosis of hypospadias
Following episiotomy, the surgical incision should be closed with what material?
Poliglecaprone 25
Which of the following treatment options is the least appropriate for the treatment of a newly diagnosed large prostatic abscess in an adult dog?
- Marsupialisation
- Surgical drainage and complete resection
- Total prostatectomy
- Surgical drainage and omentalisation
- Total prostatectomy
Which of the following tests would be most useful in a case where you suspect ovarian remnant syndrome in a dog?
A) Abdominal radiography
B) Abdominal palpation
C) Serum biochemistry
D) Abdominal ultrasound
D) Abdominal ultrasound
A transmissible venereal tumour has been diagnosed on the distal part of the penis of an adult dog with no comorbities. Excluding owner factors such as finance, which treatment course is most appropriate?
Chemotherapy with weekly vincristine
(TVTs treated with weekly vincristine chemotherapy have a good prognosis. Euthanasia should be unnecessary unless there are concurrent concerns. A partial or complete penile amputation would be an option given this location but a scrotal urethrostomy is preferable. NSAIDs may be useful in managing the secondary effects of the tumour but are unlikely to alleviate the clinical sings alone.)
Balanoposthitis define.
Inflammation of the penis and preputial lining
An 8-year-old male entire German Pointer is presented with a history of tenesmus, faecal ribboning and dysuria. On abdominal ultrasound a marked symmetrical enlargement of the prostate, with multiple small parenchymal cysts is found. This smooth, non-painful enlargement can be palpated per rectum. What is the most likely diagnosis in this case?
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Which of the following statements regarding recessed vulva is true?
A) 50% of recessed vulva cases will present with some degree of apparent urinary incontinence
B) Surgical treatment of recessed vulva via a vulvoplasty is high risk and carries a poor prognosis
C) Recessed vulva is caused by early neutering
D) Treatment of pyoderma and urinary tract infections alone will provide a long term resolution for patients with recessed vulva
A) 50% of recessed vulva cases will present with some degree of apparent urinary incontinence
