General Knowledge Flashcards
Testing combinations are defined as a combination of:
Room equivalent, component type, and substrate
An XRF Performance Characteristic Sheet defines:
Acceptable operating specifications & procedures for each XRF unit, ranges where XRF results are positive, negative, or inconclusive.
Paint chip samples should be analyzed by a lab recognized under:
National Lead Laboratory Accreditation Program NLLAP
What is the size of a paint chip sample
4 square inches`
A Lead-Based Paint Inspection determines:
Whether lead-based paint is present in house, dwelling unit, residential building or housing development, and if present, which building components contain lead-based paint.
HUD/EPA definition of Lead-Based Paint:
1.0mg/cm2 or .5% by weight
(Defined in Title X of the 1992 Housing & Community Development Act)
Equivalent units to .5%=5000 micrograms/g or 5000 mg/kg or 5000pmm
XRF instruments must be calibrated
3 times at the beginning of the inspection AND at every 4 hours or at the end of the inspection (whichever comes first)
Inconclusive results (in single family dwellings) must….
be confirmed in lab unless client wishes to assume that all inconclusive results are positive.
Paint chip samples should include
All layers of paint, including the bottom layer
Surface area of sampled area must be recorded.
Inspection report should include the following:
Who performed inspection Date Inspector's cert number All XRF readings Classification of all surfaces into pos or neg Specific info on XRF & lab methodologies Housing unit and sampling location identifiers Results of lab analysis Additional info
Can the lead-based paint inspection protocol be used in units where children with elevated blood lead levels are residing?
NO - Must follow protocol from Chapter 16
Risk Assessment
Determines the presence of lead-based paint hazards
True or False: A risk assessment requires less paint samples
True: For a risk assessment, only lead in deteriorated paint (dust and soil) is measured. Inspections measure lead in both deteriorated and intact paint, involving more surfaces.
Risk Assessments also note condition of paint films, inspections may not.
Can mobile labs be used?
Yes, if recognized under NLLAP
Are chemical test kits acceptable to use for a lead-based paint inspection
NO
The mass of lead in a given surface area on a substrate measured in mg/cm2
Lead Loading
If the component has layers of different substrates, which should be used?
The substrate immediately adjacent to the painted surface.
For similar building component types with identical substrates, testing of the component type can discontinue when:
All are found to contain lead-based paint in the first five interior room equivalents. (if and only if the client agrees to this)
Where is an XRF test required?
For at least one location per testing combination, except for exterior and interior walls, where four readings should be taken (one on each wall),
When a room equivalent has more than 4 walls, the test results must be:
Averaged and rounded to the same number of decimal places as the XRF instrument displays. Classify remaining walls (w/ same painting history) based on the rounded avg.
The best location to sample paint
Where paint is the thickest. Avoid areas where paint has been scraped off, or areas over pipes, electrical surfaces, nails, etc.
Half life of Cobalt-57
270 days
Half life of Cadmium-109
464 days
How are calibration check readings recorded?
By averaging the 3 calibration check readings, rounded to the same number of decimal places as the XRF instrument displays.
The correction value, used for substrate correction when XRF results are corrected for substrate bias is:
An average of 6 XRF readings, with 3 taken from each of two test locations that have been scraped visually clean of their paint coating.
Positive XRF Reading
At or above HUD/EPA standard of 1.0mg/cm2
Negative XRF Reading
Indicates that lead is not present at or above the HUD/EPA standard
Inconclusive XRF Reading
XRF cannot determine with reasonable certainty whether lead is present. These results must be confirmed by lab analysis unless client wishes to consider them positive.
Any group of units that are similar in construction from unit to unit, with:
- 21 or more units if any were built before 1960 or are unknown age OR
- 10 or more units, if they were built from 1960-1977
Multifamily Housing
Developments with fewer units should be treated as a series of single-family housing units.
How are housing units selected for testing in multifamily housing?
Buildings in development with common construction are identified. Then are randomly selected using a chart or calculator.
What is the equation for random selection of units?
Housing unit # = Random # (between 0-1) x Total # of units.
A duplicate unit selection should be….
Entered as a DUP to show that the selection was a duplicate and then discarded.
Types of laboratory analysis
Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS)
Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES)
Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV)
Potentiometric Stripping Voltammetry (PSV)
Equation used to report results in micrograms per gram
microgram/g = weight of lead from sample in microgram/g (divided by) subsample weight in grams
Equation used to report in milligrams per square centimeter
mg/cm2= weight of lead from sample in mg x total sample weight in grams (divided by) subsample weight (in grams) (all divided by) sample area (in cm2)
Radioactive materials oversight is regulated by:
(Federal - US Nuclear Regulatory Commission) NRC or at the State level
Is it ok to point the XRF at someone if the shutter is closed?
NO. Never point the XRF at someone and make sure there is nobody on the other side of the wall.
An employer shall provide training on the following hazards :
- Reproductive/developmental toxicity
- Central nervous system effects
- Kidney effects
- Blood effects
- Acute toxicity effects
An employer must provide a training program at least ________ for each employee exposed to lead at or above the Action Level on any day
annually
60 days before work is to be done in dwelling or common area of multi-family housing, the owner must provide tenants with ___________
the pamphlet “Renovate Right: Important Lead Hazard Information for Families, Child Care Providers and Schools “ and receive written receipt
The most common laboratory analysis used to detect lead in samples.
Atomic Absorption
Lead Safe Work Practices comprise the following:
- Use Containment
- Ensure that work area has no visible dust or debris following completion
- Demonstrate compliance with the above two practices to the Department or local enforcement agency.
An employer must notify workers within _______days of exposure
5
SB460
It is illegal to create a lead hazard.
Gives CDPH & other enforcement agencies authority to issue cease and desist order from any activity creating hazard.
Injury & Illness Prevention Program
A basic safety program tailored to business operations
Components of IIPP
- Responsibility
- Compliance (encourage employees to be safe and report symtoms)
- Communication
- Hazard Assessment
- Accident Exposure Investigation
- Hazard Correction
- Training & Instruction
- Recordkeeping
For clearance, it is best that a 3rd party conduct clearance so their payment is not dependent on ____
passing the clearance inspection
Title X provides 3 types of lead control:
- Interim Controls
- Abatement of lead hazards
- Abatement of all lead-based paint
Title X provides 3 types of evaluations:
- Risk Assessment or Risk Assessment Screen
- Combination Risk Assessment/Inspection
- Inspection
For XRF calibration, readings should be recorded as:
An average of all the 3 calibration check readings, rounded to the same number of decimal places as the XRF instrument displays
If observed calibration check tolerance rane specified in the XRF Performance Characteristic Sheet, the manufacturer’s instructions should be followed to bring the instrument back into control
If more than 20% of an XRF’s corrected values are negative, the instrument’s lead paint readings/substrate readings are probably _____
in error.
Calibration should be checked and substrate measurements should be repeated
Results of lead-based paint inspections must be disclosed to _____________________
prospective renters & purchasers
Multi-family housing definition (for lead-based paint inspections
- 21 or more units if any were built before 1960 or of unknown age
- 10 or more units if there were all built from 1960-1977
- Developments with fewer units should be treated as a series of single-family housing units.
Section of housing units for lead-based paint inspections:
- Identify buildings in development with a common construction based on written documentation
- Units can have different sizes, floor plans, and number of bedrooms and still be grouped.
- Specific units to be tested should be chosen at random using the random selection form
Flushing the water lines, by letting cold water kitchen tap run for 1 -2 min. whenever water has not been used for 6 hours, only helps if lead is from _____
the home’s plumbing, not the service lines.
If the first draw tap water samples exceed 15 ppb lead, this indicates lead in the ________
plumbing fixture (or there may be lead in the aerator - can clean out the aerator and test again)
If the second draw tap water samples exceed 15 ppb lead, this indicates lead in the ________
plumbing behind the fixture (contact the water department
Water should sit in pipes for ___hrs but no more than ___hrs before taking samples
8 hrs; 18 hrs
For XRF readings in multi-family housing, the decision that lead-based paint is present is reached with 99% confidence if ____% or more of the components are positive.
15%
of paint samples required per each testing combination
1
4 sq inch area (2x2 or 1x4)
Dimensions of paint sample should be accurately measured so lab results can be reported in mg/cm2
Substrate material may NOT be included if results are to reported in _____ or ______
weight percent or ppm
Form 7.5 “__________________”, should be completed for every testing combination found in each room equivalent within each unit for multi-family housing testing
“Multi-family Housing LBP Testing
Data Sheet”
Lead-contaminated dust
per CDPH, EPA, HUD
Int. Floors: >/= 40 micrograms/ sq. ft.
Int. Horiz. Surface >/= 250 micrograms/sq ft.
Ext. Horiz. Surface >/=400 micrograms/ sq. ft.
Lead-contaminated soil
Child’s play area: >/= 400 ppm
All other areas: >/= 1000 ppm (CDPH)
>/= 1200 ppm (EPA/HUD)
Lead Hazard Evaluation does NOT involve:
- Air monitoring
- Activities to determine adequacy of containment
- Testing components removed for hazardous waste
A Scope of Work is a detailed description of services to be provided and should include:
- List of Housing Locations, Site Plans, and Location Maps
- Description of Structures: Describe building type, construction, painting history
(if known), special conditions. - Unit Size Breakdowns for Each Development: Require that sampling include all
bedroom sizes in the proportion that they occur in each development. - List of Common Areas, Management and Community Facilities, and Other Areas
to Be Included (For Risk Assessment—Playgrounds and Large Parking Areas). - Inspection Report Requirements.
CDC child BLL for intervention in an individual child
20 micrograms/dL or
15-19 micrograms/dL in 2 consecutive samples several months apart
Hazardous waste
5ppb by TCLP test
40 CFR 745
EPA
Title X
Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act of 1992
CDC level of concern for children
5 micrograms/dL
Recently changed from 10 micrograms/dL
All surfaces where paint has been removed should be visually examined ___________
prior to repainting
Clearance is NOT required for a Deminimus area, which is defined as ______________ (By HUD)
total amount of paint disturbed by non-abatement
work is no more than a small or minimal amount.
(1) 20 square feet on exterior surfaces,
(2) 2 square feet in any one interior room or space, or
(3) 10 percent of the total surface area on an interior or exterior type of component with a small
surface area (such as windowsills, baseboards, and trim).
EPA minor maintenance and repair
(1) 6 square feet or less of painted surface per room for interior activities; or
(2) 20 square feet or less of painted surface for exterior activities;
provided that none of the work practices prohibited or restricted by 40 CFR 745.85(a)(3) were used
and where the work does not involve window replacement or demolition of painted surface areas
Category 2: If dust is contained to work area, clearance covers:
Clearance covers at least the area within
the containment, plus the floor outside the containment area
Category 1: If dust has not been contained, clearance covers:
Clearance must cover/represent the entire space
Category 3: Worksite only clearance:
Clearance is acceptable following a
small amount of contained interior work not intended to be abatement that takes a short time
to complete
Category 4: Clearance following exterior work:
Exterior areas must be cleared following work that has disturbed or may have disturbed exterior lead-based paint.
Failure rates for window troughs
33%
Most cases of lead hazard control will require that clearance dust sampling be conducted in ______
every unit
Visual Assessment
- identify any remaining deteriorated paint that is or may be lead-based paint
- identify visible dust, paint chips; or paint-related debris
Deteriorated paint
defined by EPA as any interior or exterior paint or other
coating that is peeling, chipping, chalking or cracking, or any paint or coating located on an interior
or exterior surface or fixture that is otherwise damaged or separated from the substrate
Chalking paint is usually found on
exterior paint (seen as discoloration below the painted area, rubs off like chalk from painted surface
For projects using Federal assistance that include rehabilitation costing $5000 or less per dwelling unit, stabilization of deteriorated paint is ______________
NOT required if the painted surface is not being addressed as part of the rehabilitation project.
Composite dust sampling for clearance is not recommended for these reasons:
-Most NLLAP labs discourage this
-Data may be less convincing in the case of a dispute
-Offer a limited amt of info (if fails, will need to clean all areas from which samples were taken)
-
composite samples should contain samples from _____components ONLY
the same components
Portable lab methods include:
XRF and ASV (anodic stripping voltammetry)
These are not a substitute for clearance sample analysis though
One blank per _________ or one for every _____units, whichever is less
each residential unit or set of common units; 20
