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Clinical Psychology > General Issues & Approaches to Psychological Treatments > Flashcards

General Issues & Approaches to Psychological Treatments Flashcards

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1
Q

___________________ is evidence that a treatment has shown to be effective for reducing symptoms in a research setting.

A

Efficacy

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2
Q

_______________________ is evidence that treatment is effective in reducing symptoms in real-world situations.

A

Effectiveness

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3
Q

Efficacy has an emphasis on _________________ validity.

A

Internal

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4
Q

Effectiveness has an emphasis on __________________ validity.

A

External

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5
Q

In ______________________, participants receive the treatment that is being analyzed.

A

Treatment Groups

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6
Q

In a _____________________ , participants do not receive the treatment.

A

Control Groups

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7
Q

In _______________________, researchers observe participants’ change in symptoms from pre-treatment (baseline) to post-treatment.

A

Single-Participant Research Designs

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8
Q

What are the 3 design types?

A

AB, ABA, BAB

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9
Q

Efficacy = ________________

A

Labratory

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10
Q

Effectiveness= ___________________

A

Field

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11
Q

AB Design is ______________ vs. ______________

A

Baseline vs. Treatment

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12
Q

ABA design is _______________ vs. _______________ vs. ________________

A

Baseline vs. Treatment vs. Baseline

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13
Q

BAB design is _______________ vs. _______________ vs. ________________

A

Treatment vs. Baseline vs. Treatment

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14
Q

__________________ is a standardized metric that allows the results of research studies to be combined or analyzed.

A

Effect Sizes

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15
Q

_______________________ is the number of standard deviation differences between groups.

A

Standard Deviation Units (d)

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16
Q

_______________________ is the strength of association between variables.

A

Correlations (r)

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17
Q

_______________________ is the odds that an outcome (e.g., treatment improvement) will happen following (or not following) an intervention.

A

Odd’s Ratio (OR)

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18
Q

___________________________ is the probably of an outcome (e.g., treatment improvement) in a treatment group compared to the control group.

A

Relative Risk (RR)

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19
Q

__________ design is often used in crisis situations

A

BAB

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20
Q

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy is most effective for treating what?

A

Anxiety disorders
Somatoform disorders
General stress
Bulimia
Anger control problems

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21
Q

Biases on ________________________ is that there is a higher tendency for publishing research that has statistically significant results.

A

Scientific Publication

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22
Q

___________________________ assist with assessment and treatment decisions, as well as being an evidenced-based guidance for clients who are diagnosed with specific disorders.

A

Clinical Practice Guidelines

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23
Q

_________________________ is using research literature to determine the best methods of assessment and forms of treatment.

A

Scientific Research

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24
Q

____________________________ is a treatment modality that has been found, following a series of randomized control trials or single-participant designs, to be effective for treating a particular condition.

A

Empirically Supported Treatments

25
Q

_________________________ is a clinician’s professional experience and judgment.

A

Clinical Expertise

26
Q

____________________________ is a client’s age, gender and social–cultural background, along with their expectations and preferences for treatment.

A

Client Characteristics

27
Q

_____________________________ is the assumption that some core, UNDERLYING factors can cause of lots of different disorders.

A

Transdiagnostic Approach

28
Q

__________________________ is a single psychotherapeutic approach that focuses on addressing the underlying factors that can explain symptoms of a variety of emotional disorders.

A

Unified Protocol

29
Q

Treatment focus areas for ___________________ are reducing the amount of negative thinking, preventing unhealthy ways of avoiding unpleasant feelings, helping clients realize that they can tolerate those unpleasant feelings, and encouraging behaviours that facilitate positive rather than negative feelings.

A

Unified Protocol

30
Q

Treatment focus areas for the ___________________ is addressing the underlying factors (e.g., negative thinking and avoidance tendencies) rather than simply the emotional disturbances (e.g., sadness and anxiety).

A

Transdiagnostic Approach

31
Q

What are the pros of manualized therapy?

A

Scientific legitimacy, Establishes a minimum level of competence, Improvements in clinical training
Graduate school and clinical training, and a Decreased reliance on subjective clinical judgements

32
Q

What are the cons of manualized therapy?

A

Threats to psychologist-client relationship, Diagnostic complications, Restrictions on practice, Debatable criteria for empirical evidence, and Concerns with equity and diversity

33
Q

___________________ is the awareness, knowledge, and skills clinicians can display in order to best treat their clients.

A

Cultural Competence

34
Q

______________________ is a clinical psychologist’s awareness of their own cultural influences (values, assumptions, and biases).

A

Cultural Self-Awareness

35
Q

__________________________ is an attitude about diversity centered on the recognition of the limits of one’s own knowledge and an openness to learning about the identities and experiences of other people.

A

Cultural Humility

36
Q

________________________ is the way treatments may need to be adapted for members of diverse cultures and groups.

A

Cultural Adaptation

37
Q

Examples of __________________________ include guided imagery scripts specific to different cultures. The use of an interpreter, with support from the client.

A

Cultural Adaptation

38
Q

What are the 6 parts of the stages of change model?

A

Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and relapse

39
Q

________________________ emphasizes how thoughts, emotions, attitudes, reactions and behaviours all impact each other.

A

CBT

40
Q

Muscle relaxation, controlled breathing & pleasant imagery/self-statements are all examples of _____________________.

A

Relaxation Training

41
Q

_________________________ is used in treatment of panic disorders.

A

Interoceptive Exposure

42
Q

_____________________________ involves challenging biases and distortions that lead to negative emotions by looking for objective evidence to support them.

A

Cognitive Restructuring

43
Q

____________________________ is when a person receives positive reinforcement for confronting a feared stimulus, and they are not allowed to avoid or escape the stimulus.

A

Contingency Management

44
Q

_______________________________ is when a client observes others interact with the feared object or situation.

A

Behaviour Modelling

45
Q

________________________________ is where the person confronts real objects, people or situations.

A

Vivo exposure

46
Q

Exposure can be _________________, occurring over a number of weeks

A

Spaced

47
Q

Exposure can be ____________________, occurring over a number of hours or days.

A

Massed

48
Q

The focus of _______________________ is acceptance and change.

A

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy

49
Q

The goals of ________________________ are to modify emotional responses and rigid interactional patterns and foster and establish a secure emotional bond in the couple.

A

Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT)

50
Q

Steps ___ to ___ of Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) is to foster couple alliance and identify interactional problems.

A

1 to 4

51
Q

Steps ___ to ___ of Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) is to promote change in each partner’s interactional styles and positions.

A

5 to 7

52
Q

Steps ___ and ___ of Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) are to develop new solutions to “old problems”.

A

8 and 9

53
Q

_____________________ is a form of therapy that involves immersing oneself in certain experiences (e.g. art, drama, play, wilderness, and animal-assisted therapy).

A

Experiential Therapy

54
Q

Psychodynamic Therapy focuses chiefly on ___________________________.

A

Unconscious conflict within the self

55
Q

The primary goal of psychodynamic therapy is ____________________

A

To provide insight

56
Q

_________________________________ is a family therapy approach designed to remove barriers to effective communication.

A

Strategic family Intervention

57
Q

______________________________ is an alliance formed between two family members (such as mother and child); third member (such as the other parent) feels isolated or rejected.

A

Triangulation

58
Q

___________________________________ is concerned with structure of relationships between family members, as well as between the family and the outside world.

A

Structural family therapy

Clinical Psychology (6 decks)

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