General Introduction of Lower Extremity 2 Flashcards
What is the path of the Great Saphenous Vein?
Medial side of leg, knee, and thigh to pass through an opening in deep fascia covering the femoral triangle and join with the femoral vein.
Describe the course of the common fibular branch of the sciatic nerve.
How can it be damaged?
The Common Fibular Nerve curves laterally around the neck of the fibula when it travels from the popliteal fossa to the leg.
The nerve can be rolled against bone just distal to the attachment of biceps femoris to the head of the fibula. Impact injuries, bone fractures, and leg casts can damage the nerve.
What is the path of the small saphenous vein?
Passes behind the distal end of the fibula (lateral malleolus) and up the back of the leg to penetrate deep fascia and join the popliteal vein posterior to the knee.
Name the 3 bones that fuse during childhood and create the pelvis.
Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis.
Where is the Inferior Gluteal Line? What muscle attaches to its beginning and to its end?
O: just superior to the AIIS. I: Posterior margin of the acetabulum.
Rectus Femoris O: AIIS I: between superior margin of acetabulum and inferior gluteal line.
Anterior Gluteal Line: Origination and End.
What muscle originates between the inferior and anterior gluteal lines.
O: Lateral margin of the iliac crest between ASIS and tuberculum of iliac crest. Ends: Superior to the upper margin of the greater sciatic foramen.
Gluteus Minimus
Posterior Gluteal Line: Origin and Ends.
what muscle originates between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines?
Descends vertically from the iliac crest to a position near the posterior inferior iliac spine.
Gluteus Medius Muscle
Where is the Ischial Tuberosity and what attaches to it?
Posterior and INferior to the acetabulum.
Mainly hamstring muscles (semitendinosus and semimembranosus)
Long head of the biceps femorus
Adductor Magnus.
Name the 3 bones that meet in the middle of the acetabulum.
What is the name of the articular surface.
Name the prominent notch that inferiorly defines the margin of the acetabulum.
What is the nonarticular part of the acetabulum that is rough and forms a shallow circlular depression.
Ilium, Ischium, Pubis.
Lunate surface.
Acetabular notch.
Acetabular fossa.
What are Type 1, 2, 3, and 4 injuries to the pelvis?
Type1: No disruption to the pelvic ring. (a fracture of the iliac crest). These injuries don’t usually present significant trauma. Potential blood loss needs to be assessed.
Type 2: A single break in the bony pelvic ring. ie. a single fracture with diastasis (separation) of the symphysis pubis. Not usually significant trauma, assess for blood loss.
Type 3: Double breaks in the bony pelvic ring. May include bilateral fractures of the pubic rami, which may produce urethral damage.
Type 4: Injuries occur at and around the acetabulum.
Describe the Head and Fovea of the Femur.
Head is spherical and articulates with acetabulum of pelvic bone.
Fovea is a nonarticular pit on the head’s medial surface for attachment of the ligament of the head.
Where is the neck of the femur?
What is its degree of angulation?
The neck is between the head and the greater/lesser trochanters.
125 degrees and slightly forward (15 degrees).
Describe the trochanteric fossa.
On the greater trochanter, just Posteriorly from the point where the neck meets the shaft is a groove called the trochanteric fossa Contains a depression for the obturator externus.
Describe the relationship between the intertrochanteric line, pectineal line, and linea aspera.
They are continuous with each other.
Intertrochanteric becoes pectineal which merges with and becomes linea aspera.
Describe the danger of a femoral neck fracture.
They interrupt the blood supply to the femoral head. The head and neck are supplied from an arterial ring formed around the base of the neck. A fracture to the neck can disrupt these vessels a cause necrosis of the femoral head.
