General Interview Questions Flashcards
What is market intelligence?
Using understanding of market dynamics to inform decisions and strategy
e.g. trends, competitors, collaborators, customers
strategy inc. market opportunity, penetration and development
Aspects of business strategy to consider
key to all: value creation and capture
1. External conditions
- inc. competitors, collaborators, customers, suppliers, substitutes - affects how you choose to differentiate
Incl. Market share + size
- relates to demographics, size of customer base, competition (no. of competitors, size of market, resources
- size and growth of market
Macro
- regulation, unions, tech, economy, political issues
- Business/organisational details
inc.
use of technology, culture and identity, margins, costs, strategic resources - e.g. is it appropriable, durable, immmitable, valuable
What is the value in financial modelling?
Projections
- Built off operating/financing assumptions
Financing needs
- Startup capital raises
History - what happened in past → what happens in the future
Discounted cash flow analysis
- Pro forma analysis
- New debt/equity
- M&A assessment - model combined operations, synergies, new capitalisation
What is a business platform? What is a two-sided market?
What are factors to consider when running one?
Examples: Expedia, Uber, Amazon
A business model that creates value by facilitating exchanges between 2 or more interdependent groups, usually consumers and produces
Two sided marketplace - both buyers and sellers meet to exchange a product or service
Factors
- thickness - enough people on each side
- congestion - too congested, too much choice
- safety - ensure transaction meets requirements of both sides
- repugnance - immoral
How to capture value from data
Create technical barriers
Contracts, rights and licensing
Pay for updated versions
Keep internal and provide complementary services, e.g. Amazon, Netflix recoemmendations
Give it away, provide complementary services
Business framework: how to improve profits
Revenue - volume, price
Costs - fixed costs, variable costs
Business framework: how to grow the business
Grow core business
- growth within segments: acquire, retain, incr. spend of customers
- focus on fastest-growing segments: geographies customer types
Grow outside of core business
- sell new products to existing clients
- use capabilities to get into new businesses
How to reduce costs
Reduce need
- eliminate need, e.g. self-service
- reduce service level
Meet need w/ less resources
- eliminate waste
- improve productivity
Reduce cost of resources
- find cheaper alternatives
- renegotiate costs
Whether to enter a new market
Market opportunity
- market size + growth
Potential share
- competitors, custome needs, offering
Potential profit
- investment, running costs, revenue
Capabilities + risks
How to launch a new product?
Choose target segments
- size + growth, competitoion, customer needs
Define strategy
- product, price, distribution, brand + advertising
Implementation
How to price a new product?
Costs
- variable costs, investment costs, fixed costs
Revenue: how much money can you extract from customer
- Clients’ willingness to pay
- Competitors or substitutes
- Market size and share
OR
- Diagnose problem/source of rev issue
- Strategy
- Implementation
Whether to acquire a new business
Standalone value
- future revenue, future cost, valuation multiples
Synergies
- revenue growth, cost reduction
Capabilities + risk
Whether to make an investment
impact on costs
impact on revenue
- breakeven
implementation
How to respond to a competitive threat
Potential impact on business
- Segment affected, estimated loss
Opportunity pursued by competitor
- Size, profitability
Possible responses
- do nothing, mitigate, align, replicate, collaborate
How to optimise a process
Map out current process
- Capacity, utilisation, bottleneck
Look into each step of the process
- eliminate, reduce cost, incr. speed, incr. quality, anticipate
Estimate gains
Academic frameworks
- Supply and demand
- helps understand price changes, profit forecasting, markets outside of business, operations - The 3 C’s
- Supply : company and competitors
- Demand: customers - Porter’s 5 forces
- Supply: competitors, suppliers, substitutes, new entrants
- Demand: customers
Factors to consider in M&A
- Valuation of acquired company
- Synergies
Cost synergies
Revenue synergies - Risks
- Capabilities to manage and grow the site
- Churn > projection, e.g. flight to another free platform
ML and AI definition
ML: Learn from experience without being explicitly programmed
e.g. make predictions, create statistical models
AI: simulated intelligence in machines
What is analytics?
Application of data, maths skills and tech to answer questions, discover relationships, predict unknown outcomes and automate decisions
What does analytics look like in FS?
Benefits yet to be realised by most firms
Broad - business benefits - identify business issue, which can be fixed w/ ML and data science
Examples inc.
- Personalised banking
- Using AI assistants to generate personalised financial advise
- Customer segmentation
e. g.identify clients w/ ‘lower value’ - Optimise processes
- Predictions to avoid falling revenues and reputational risks
- Assess credit risk
Why did you study History at Uni
Keen interest in: wider mechanisms and macro trends that influence change.
- interest in data and tech, reflected on what is and will cont. to define modern world, found explosion of online info and how many opportunities it unlocked fascinating
- passionate about pursuing career in tech, ability to extract, analyse and manipulate external information offers a unique tool to better solve clients complex financial challenges.
- online info will cont. to revolutionise business strategies and way a company’s health is measured
Why work as a data analyst?
summary: tech, problem-solve, working env. inc. rotational + collaborative and diverse
- Opportunity to make significant personal impact in providing innovative, data-driven solutions to client’s complex business problems
- To work in a diverse and collaborative working environment
- Rotational programme:
- Offers in-depth
Understanding of many business areas and providing practical experience in a range of roles, from client services and product management to business consulting
Incredible value in creating networks across teams, multidisciplinary groups working together and data and knowledge sharing throughout the company, rotational aspect offers opportunity to do so by building relationships throughout different business areas
Why do you want to work in FinTech? Why technology?
3: intellectual curisoity, problem-solving, understand wider mechanisms that influence change
- Intellectual curiosity and dynamic:
Stay on top of fast-moving industry and trends
E.g. changes in consumer behaviour, technological developments
Continue to learn and innovate - Ability to apply problem-solving ability
Formulate objective to solve complex business problem - collating and synthesising vast amounts of information to formulate the potential risks, options and - Wider mechanisms
History degree: Keen interest in: wider mechanisms and macro trends that influence change.
- interest in data and tech, reflected on what is and will cont. to define modern world, found explosion of online info and how many opportunities it unlocked fascinating
- passionate about pursuing career in tech, ability to extract, analyse and manipulate external information offers a unique tool to better solve clients complex financial challenges.
- online info will cont. to revolutionise business strategies and way a company’s health is measured
In what type of working environment do you see yourself thrive in?
Fast-paced dynamic industry, need to posses ability to wear multiple hats and multitask effectively
Keen eye for detail, need to be analytical and agile to track issues and follow up in timely manner
What steps would you recommend we take to improve our business?
Wider context: pandemic transformed business operations and relations - long-term
Challenge/step: how to maintain effective business in digital world
Prev experience: team breakdown result of failing morale and lack of communication from senior leadership - about maintaining same relationships w/ colleagues and clients remotely
recommend: cont. communication, team-building
e. g. enhanced platforms to interact with staff or clients, team-building exercises over zoom, clubs for shared interests e.g. book swaps