General info

Question 1

Hyperlipidaemia

Answer 1

High blood levels of cholesterol, triglycerides or both

Question 2

Hyperlipidaemia + CVD

Answer 2

Hyperlipidaemia causes atherosclerosis and in turn:
- Coronary heart disease (including angina and myocardial infarction).
- Stroke.
- Transient ischaemic attack (TIA).
- Peripheral arterial disease.

Question 3

Athersclerosis

Answer 3

Build up of fatty deposits (plaques) in an artery, causing the artery to harden/narrow, restricting blood flow.

Question 4

QRISK2

Answer 4

Assesses cardiovascular risk in those aged 84 or under.
QRISK score > 10% = offer primary prevention.
Unsuitable in those at risk of CVD:
- Type 1 diabetes
- Established CVD
- 85+
- CKD (eGFR <60)
- Familial hypercholesterolemia

Question 5

Primary prevention

Answer 5

Actions taken to prevent the onset of high cholesterol levels before they occur.
Given to high risk groups:
- Type 1 diabetes
- Type 2 diabetes (if CVD risk >10%)
- QRISK score >10%
- CKD or albuminuria
- Familial hypercholesterolaemia
- 85+ (reduces risk of non-fatal MI)

Question 6

Lifestyle modifications

Answer 6

• Diet (low in saturated and trans fats, rich in fruits, vegetables, wholegrain, fibre)
• Exercise
• Weight management
• Alcohol/smoking cessation

Question 7

Secondary prevention

Answer 7

Aimed at individuals who have already been diagnosed with hyperlipidemia or have experienced CVD events:
- CHD (angina, MI)
- Cerebrovascular disease (stroke/TIA)
- Peripheral arterial disease

Question 8

Cholesterol targets

Answer 8

• Total Cholesterol: ≤ 5 mmol/L
• Non-HDL Cholesterol: ≤ 4mmol/L
• LDL-Cholesterol: ≤ 3 mmol/L
• HDL-Cholesterol: ≥ 1mmol/L

Question 9

Causes of hyperlipidaemia - drugs

Answer 9

HCAAIC
Hannah Calls Ama A Ignorant cow
- Antipyschotics
- Corticosteroids
- Immunosuppressants
- Antiretrovirals (HIV drugs)

Question 10

Causes of hyperlipidaemia - conditions

Answer 10

Hypothyroidism
Liver disease
Kidney disease
Diabetes
Family history
Lifestyle factors (smoking, excess alcohol, obesity, fatty diet)

Question 11

Statin

Answer 11

Atorvastatin
Simvastatin
Fluvastatin
Pravastatin
Rosuvastatin

Question 12

Fibrates

Answer 12

Bezafibrate
Ciprofibrate
Fenofibrate
Gemfibrozil

Question 13

Bile acid sequestrants

Answer 13

Colesevelam
Colestipol
Colestyramine

Question 14

Nictoinic acid group

Answer 14

Acipimox
Nicotinic acid
Omega-3 fatty acid

Question 15

Other

Answer 15

Ezetimibe
Lomitapide
Alirocumab