general info Flashcards
During prenatal dev’t when the neural tube fails to close completely, the child will be born with this deformity:
Spina bifida
when a portion of the entire upper or lower limb fails to form normally or does not form when the baby is developing in the uterus
congenital limb deficiency
key characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome
- small eyes and thin upper lip
- impaired learning, attention, memory, motor skills
- withdrawal causing: irritability, restlessness, increased muscle tone
marijuana use is associated with the following characteristics in a newborn:
attention deficits
impulsivity
the following are associated with smoking cigarettes during prenatal dev’t
smaller brain mass
smaller size
IUGR - intrauterine growth retardation
defined as less than 10 percent of predicted fetal weight for gestational age, may result in significant fetal morbidity and mortality if not properly diagnosed.
Commonly caused by smoking cigarettes
IUGR - intrauterine growth retardation
syndrome resulting from the use of heroine, opioids, oxycodone, or methadone during pregnancy
neonatal abstinence syndrome
associated symptoms resulting from neonatal abstinence syndrome:
tremors
jerks
exaggerated moro
irritability, CNS cry
this scoring method is used for weaning a baby off of a prenatal drug addiction
Modified finnegan score
normal sleep cycles in infants develop during these weeks of prenatal development
26-28
typical gestation period
40 weeks
viability of preterm birth is ___ weeks
22
prenatal infants can feel pain at __ weeks
20
Rapid prenatal brain development occurs during this trimester…
last trimester
more changes occur in the brain from 28-40 weeks gestation than from birth to _____
adulthood
major changes from 24-34 weeks of gestation (4)
cell migration
intense cell proliferation
myelination
programmed cell death
Newly proliferated neurons that are used continue to _______, neurons that are not used will _______.
If stress and pain are intense during cell proliferation, these cells will ____.
Proper positioning of limbs and motor patterns need to be influenced so that these neurons will _____.
1 develop
2 die
3 live
4 live
inhibitory tracts that block out noxious stimuli like vison/light, movement, sound, and pain are ____ to develop
last
Preterm infants will be able to properly filter noxious and painful stimuli within their brain. T or F
False - last tracts to develop
flexor tone in the LEs begins to develop at
30-32 weeks
flexor tone in the UEs begins to develop at
36 weeks
normal, physiological flexor tone is normal at ___ weeks from positioning in the uterus, premature infants do not have this because they are “floating” in fluid
36
preterm infants have more type ___ muscle fibers, decreasing their endurance
type II
higher proportion of type II muscle fibers in preterm infants means that breathing may be hard due to fatigue of ___ muscles
respiratory
skin-to-skin contact that soothes infants and helps them sleep
kangaroo care
Description of grades I, II, III, IV periventricular hemorrhage
I + II will resolve on their own
III shows ventricle enlargement with imaging
IV hemorrhaging into white matter
periventricular hemorrhage is often unilateral/bilateral and shows no signs until after d/c
unilateral
What grade of periventricular hemorrhage indicates the need for PT?
grade IV
Grade IV PVH and CLD is an indicator for PT. T or F
True
Periventricular hemorrhage, congenital limb deficiency
- caused by reduction in cerebral flow (resuscitative difficulty at birth)
- most common sequela is spastic diplegia seen after a period of hypotonia (mainly effects LEs)
Periventricular Leukomalacia
occurs from a lack of O2 at birth, and damage occurs with reperfusion of blood to the brain
hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
associated with prolonged or difficult labor, causing paralysis or weakness following mechanical trauma
brachial plexus injury
Closure performed within 24 to 48 hours
Joint contractures at hips, ankle dorsiflexors, and ankle evertors
spina bifida
