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Pediatric Conditions > general info > Flashcards

general info Flashcards

1
Q

During prenatal dev’t when the neural tube fails to close completely, the child will be born with this deformity:

A

Spina bifida

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2
Q

when a portion of the entire upper or lower limb fails to form normally or does not form when the baby is developing in the uterus

A

congenital limb deficiency

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3
Q

key characteristics of fetal alcohol syndrome

A
  • small eyes and thin upper lip
  • impaired learning, attention, memory, motor skills
  • withdrawal causing: irritability, restlessness, increased muscle tone
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4
Q

marijuana use is associated with the following characteristics in a newborn:

A

attention deficits

impulsivity

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5
Q

the following are associated with smoking cigarettes during prenatal dev’t

A

smaller brain mass
smaller size
IUGR - intrauterine growth retardation

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6
Q

defined as less than 10 percent of predicted fetal weight for gestational age, may result in significant fetal morbidity and mortality if not properly diagnosed.

Commonly caused by smoking cigarettes

A

IUGR - intrauterine growth retardation

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7
Q

syndrome resulting from the use of heroine, opioids, oxycodone, or methadone during pregnancy

A

neonatal abstinence syndrome

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8
Q

associated symptoms resulting from neonatal abstinence syndrome:

A

tremors
jerks
exaggerated moro
irritability, CNS cry

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9
Q

this scoring method is used for weaning a baby off of a prenatal drug addiction

A

Modified finnegan score

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10
Q

normal sleep cycles in infants develop during these weeks of prenatal development

A

26-28

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11
Q

typical gestation period

A

40 weeks

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12
Q

viability of preterm birth is ___ weeks

A

22

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13
Q

prenatal infants can feel pain at __ weeks

A

20

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14
Q

Rapid prenatal brain development occurs during this trimester…

A

last trimester

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15
Q

more changes occur in the brain from 28-40 weeks gestation than from birth to _____

A

adulthood

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16
Q

major changes from 24-34 weeks of gestation (4)

A

cell migration
intense cell proliferation
myelination
programmed cell death

17
Q

Newly proliferated neurons that are used continue to _______, neurons that are not used will _______.

If stress and pain are intense during cell proliferation, these cells will ____.

Proper positioning of limbs and motor patterns need to be influenced so that these neurons will _____.

A

1 develop
2 die
3 live
4 live

18
Q

inhibitory tracts that block out noxious stimuli like vison/light, movement, sound, and pain are ____ to develop

A

last

19
Q

Preterm infants will be able to properly filter noxious and painful stimuli within their brain. T or F

A

False - last tracts to develop

20
Q

flexor tone in the LEs begins to develop at

A

30-32 weeks

21
Q

flexor tone in the UEs begins to develop at

A

36 weeks

22
Q

normal, physiological flexor tone is normal at ___ weeks from positioning in the uterus, premature infants do not have this because they are “floating” in fluid

A

36

23
Q

preterm infants have more type ___ muscle fibers, decreasing their endurance

A

type II

24
Q

higher proportion of type II muscle fibers in preterm infants means that breathing may be hard due to fatigue of ___ muscles

A

respiratory

25
Q

skin-to-skin contact that soothes infants and helps them sleep

A

kangaroo care

26
Q

Description of grades I, II, III, IV periventricular hemorrhage

A

I + II will resolve on their own
III shows ventricle enlargement with imaging
IV hemorrhaging into white matter

27
Q

periventricular hemorrhage is often unilateral/bilateral and shows no signs until after d/c

A

unilateral

28
Q

What grade of periventricular hemorrhage indicates the need for PT?

A

grade IV

29
Q

Grade IV PVH and CLD is an indicator for PT. T or F

A

True

Periventricular hemorrhage, congenital limb deficiency

30
Q
  • caused by reduction in cerebral flow (resuscitative difficulty at birth)
  • most common sequela is spastic diplegia seen after a period of hypotonia (mainly effects LEs)
A

Periventricular Leukomalacia

31
Q

occurs from a lack of O2 at birth, and damage occurs with reperfusion of blood to the brain

A

hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

32
Q

associated with prolonged or difficult labor, causing paralysis or weakness following mechanical trauma

A

brachial plexus injury

33
Q

Closure performed within 24 to 48 hours

Joint contractures at hips, ankle dorsiflexors, and ankle evertors

A

spina bifida

Pediatric Conditions (16 decks)

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