General infectious disease knowlege Flashcards
What is Aztreonam?
tt monocykliskt betalaktamantibiotikum som ursprungligen isolerades från Chromobacterium violaceum.
Det är betalaktamasbeständigt och används vid gramnegativa infektioner, i synnerhet i hjärnhinnorna , urinblåsan och njurarna. Det kan ge upphov till superinfektion med grampositiva organismer.
What is ciprofloxacin?
Ett (bredspectrum) antibiotiskt preparat av karboxifluorkinolintyp med verkan mot ett stort antal olika mikroorganismer.
Hiarchy:
Quinolon-Flouroquinolon-Ciprofloxacin
Medlet har använts med framgång och med god säkerhet för behandling av resistenta luftvägs-, h ud-, skelett-, led-, mag/tarm- och urogenitala infektioner.
What is Vancomycin?
Carbohydrate-glycoconjugate-glycopeptide-Vancomycin.
Antibacterial obtained from Streptomyces orientalis. It is a glycopeptide related to RISTOCETIN that inhibits bacterial cell wall assembly.
What toxicity is correlated to Vancomycin?
It is toxic to kidneys and the inner ear.
What is Cefipime?
Cefepime is a fourth-generation cephalosporin antibiotic
Fourth-generation cephalosporins have similar coverage as third-generation cephalosporins but with additional coverage against gram-negative bacteria with antimicrobial resistance, e.g., beta-lactamase.
What are ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefotaxime.
They are 3rd generation cephalosporines.
Third-generation cephalosporins have less coverage against most gram-positive organisms but have increased coverage against Enterobacteriaceae, Neisseria spp., and H. influenzae.
What is a Cephalosporine?
Cephalosporins are beta-lactam antimicrobials used to manage a wide range of infections from
gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
The five generations of cephalosporins are useful against skin infection, resistant bacteria, meningitis, and other infections.
Fifth-generation cephalosporins have coverage against methicillin-resistant staphylococci and penicillin-resistant pneumococci.
Define Staphylococcus epidermidis
A species of STAPHYLOCOCCUS that is a spherical, non-motile, gram-positive, chemoorganotrophic, facultative anaerobe. Mainly found on the skin and mucous membrane of warm-blooded animals, it can be primary pathogen or secondary invader.
hierarkin:
Bacteria
Endospore-Forming Bacteria
Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria
Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Rods
Staphylococcaceae
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Define Staphylococcus aureus
I hierarkin:
Bacteria
Endospore-Forming Bacteria
Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria
Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Rods
Staphylococcaceae
Staphylococcus
Staphylococcus aureus
Define MRSA
A strain of Staphylococcus aureus that is non-susceptible to the action of METHICILLIN. The mechanism of resistance usually involves modification of normal or the presence of acquired PENICILLIN BINDING PROTEINS.
Define Vancomycine resistant S.Aureus
Isolates of the Staphylococcus aureus that are resistant to the antibiotic VANCOMYCIN. The S. aureus becomes resistant by acquiring plasmids carrying genes for VANCOMYCIN RESISTANCE. Vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus has low-level vancomycin resistance requiring an intermediate concentration of vancomycin between sensitive and resistant isolates. These S. aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin and related GLYCOPEPTIDE antibiotics are often seen in HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS.
Define Neisseria meningitidis
A species of gram-negative, aerobic BACTERIA. It is a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the NASOPHARYNX. When found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis (MENINGITIS, MENINGOCOCCAL).
Hierarchy:
Bacteria
Gram-Negative Bacteria
Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria
Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci
Neisseriaceae
Neisseria
Neisseria meningitidis
Define Hamophilus influenza type B
A type of H. influenzae isolated most frequently from biotype I. Prior to vaccine availability, it was a leading cause of childhood meningitis.
Hierarchy:
Bacteria
Gram-Negative Bacteria
Gram-Negative Facultatively Anaerobic Rods
Pasteurellaceae
Haemophilus
Haemophilus influenzae
Haemophilus influenzae type b
What does it mean “to be” a facultative anaerob rod?
A facultative anaerobic organism is an organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present, but is capable of switching to fermentation if oxygen is absent.
what type of antibiotics is ceftriaxone?
Its a third generation cephalosporine.
We often use cefriaxone in UME under the brand name. What is that?
Rocephin. (rocephalin)
According to FASS cefriaxone has the following important implications for neuro-cases:
- bacterial meningitis
- infections in bome and joints
- komplicated skin and soft tissue infections
- syphilis
What is Rifampicin
(called Rimactan in Sweden)
Antibiotics to mycobacterium/TB.
