Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Immunology > General Immunology > Flashcards

General Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

which antibodies are expressed on mature B cells?

after isotype switching, plasma cells secrete which antibodies?

A

IgM and IgD

IgA, IgE, IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

which antibody is produced in 1* (immediate) response to antigen?

A

IgM

monomer on B cell or pentamer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

function of IgM

A

pentamer allows trapping of free antigens out of tissue while humoral response develops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

which antibody is produced in 2* (delayed) response to antigen?

A

IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

function of IgG

A

opsonizes bacteria, neutralizes bacterial toxins and viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which antibodies fix complement?

A

IgM and IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

function of IgA

A

prevents attachment of bacteria and viruses to mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2 forms of IgA

A

monomer in circulation, dimer when secreted

picks up secretory component from epithelial cells before secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is IgA found in?

A

secretions (tears, saliva, mucus)

early breast milk (colostrum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

function of IgE

A

binds mast cells and basophils

cross-links when exposed to allergen, mediating type I hypersensitivity through release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine

mediates immunity to worms by activating eosinophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

functions of C3b

A

opsonization

helps clear immune complexes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

function of C3a

A

anaphylaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

functions of C5a

A

anaphylaxis

neutrophil chemotaxis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

function of C5b-9

A

cytolysis by MAC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what helps prevent complement activation on self cells?

A

decay-accelerating factor (DAF)

C1 esterase inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

complement disorders: C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency

A

hereditary angioedema

ACE-I’s are contraindicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

complement disorders: C3 deficiency

A

severe, recurrent pyogenic sinus and respiratory tract infections

increase susceptibility to type 3 hypersensitivity reactions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

complement disorders: C5-C9 deficiencies

A

recurrent Neisseria bacteremia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

complement disorders: DAF deficiency

A

complement-mediated lysis of RBCs

paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

5 cytokines secreted by macrophages

A 
IL-1
IL-6
IL-8
IL-12
TNF-a
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

function of IL-1

A

endogenous pyrogen = fever, acute inflammation

activates endothelium to express adhesion molecules

induces chemokine secretion to recruit leukocytes

(secreted by macrophages)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

function of IL-6

A

endogenous pyrogen = fever

stimulates production of acute-phase proteins

(secreted by macrophages and Th2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

function of IL-8

A

major chemotactic factor for neutrophils

secreted by macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

function of IL-12

A

induces differentiation of T cells into Th1 cells

activates NK cells

(secreted by macrophages and B cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
function of TNF-a
mediates septic shock activates endothelium causes leukocyte recruitment, vascular leak induces NF-kb (an important factor in the production of many inflammatory mediators) (secreted by macrophages)
26
2 cytokines secreted by all T cells
IL-2 | IL-3
27
function of IL-2
stimulates growth of Th1, Th2, and Treg cells | secreted by ALL T cells
28
function of IL-3
supports growth and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (functions like GM-CSF) (secreted by ALL T cells)
29
1 cytokine secreted by Th1 cells
IFN-y
30
function of IFN-y
activates macrophages and Th1 cells suppresses Th2 cells has antiviral and antitumor properties (secreted by Th1 cells)
31
4 cytokines secreted by Th2 cells
IL-4 IL-5 IL-6 IL-10
32
function of IL-4
induces differentiation into Th2 cells promotes growth of B cells enhances class switching to IgE and IgG (secreted by Th2 cells)
33
function of IL-5
promotes differentiation of B cells enhances class switching to IgA stimulates growth and differentiation of eosinophils (secreted by Th2 cells)
34
function of IL-10
modulates inflammatory response inhibits actions of activated T cells and Th1 (secreted by Th2 and Treg cells) TGF-B has similar actions since it is involved in inhibiting inflammation
35
mechanism of interferons (a, b, y)
proteins that place uninfected cells in an antiviral state interferons induce production of RIBONUCLEASE that inhibits viral protein synthesis by degrading viral mRNA IFN-a and IFN-b: inibits viral protein synthesis IFN-y: increase MHC I/II expression and Ag presentation in all cells activates NK cells to kill virus-infected cells
36
which cells express MHC I?
all nucleated cells, except RBCs
37
which cells express MHC II?
APCs
38
cell surface proteins: T cells
TCR (binds antigen-MHC complex) CD3 (associated with TCR for signal transduction) CD28 (binds B7 on APC)
39
cell surface proteins: Helper T cells
CD4 | CD40 ligand
40
cell surface proteins: Cytotoxic T cells
CD8
41
cell surface proteins: B cells
``` Ig (binds Ag) CD19 CD20 CD21 (receptor for EBV) CD40 MHC II B7 (binds CD28 on T cells) ```
42
cell surface proteins: macrophages
``` CD14 CD40 MHC II B7 Fc and C3b (enhanced phagocytosis) ```
43
cell surface proteins: NK cells
CD16 (binds Fc of IgG) | CD56 (unique for NK)
44
cell surface proteins: neutrophils
CD15
45
what is the mechanism and symptoms of serum sickness?
5-10 days after antigen exposure => immune complexes form => deposit in membrane => activate complement = tissue damage ``` fever urticaria arthralgias proteinuria LAD ```
46
what is the mechanism and symptoms of arthus reaction?
intradermal injection => immune complexes form => deposit in skin => activate complement = tissue damage edema necrosis
47
types of transplant rejection
hyperacute (minutes) acute (weeks) chronic (months-years) graft vs. host (varies)
48
pathogenesis and features of HYPERACUTE transplant rejection
Ab-mediated/type 2: presence of preformed anti-donor antibodies in the transplant recipient occludes graft vessels => ischemia, necrosis
49
pathogenesis and features of ACUTE transplant rejection
cell-mediated: CTLs reacting against foreign MHCs (reversible with immunosuppressants) vasculitis of graft vessels with dense interstitial lymphocytic infiltrate
50
pathogenesis and features of CHRONIC transplant rejection
MHC I-nonself is perceived as MHC I-self presenting a non-self antigen (irreversible) T-cell and Ab-mediated vascular damage (obliterative vascular fibrosis); fibrosis of graft tissue and blood vessels
51
pathogenesis and features of GRAFT vs. HOST transplant rejection
grafted immunocompetent T cells proliferate in the irradiated immunocompromised disease host and reject cells with "foreign" proteins, resulting in severe organ dysfunction (any organ may be targeted but skin, liver, and GI are generally affected more severely) maculopapular rash, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, diarrhea, intestinal bleeding, abdominal cramping, ileus usually in bone marrow and liver transplant (organs rich in lymphocytes), or transfusion of non-irradiated blood
52
transplant rejection with "vascular fibrinoid necrosis, neutrophil infiltration, and infarction"
hyperacute
53
transplant rejection with "cellular: interstitial mononuclear infiltration; humoral: graft vasculitis"
acute
54
transplant rejection with "obliterative intimal smooth muscle hypertrophy and fibrosis of cortical arteries"
chronic
55
transplant rejection with
graft vs. host (GVHD)
56
which 2 cytokines are anti-inflammatory?
IL-10 and TGF-B
57
which cytokines are pro-inflammatory?
IL-1, IL-4, IL-5, IL-12, TNF-a
58
anti-apoptotic proteins
Bcl-2, Bcl-x
59
pro-apoptotic proteins
Bak, Bax, Bim
60
what is the overall function of Th1 cells? | what does it secrete?
cytotoxicity, delayed hypersensitivity secretes IFN-y, IL2, lymphotoxin B activates macrophages and CD8 T cells inhibited by IL4 and IL10 (from Th2 cell)
61
what is the overall function of Th2 cells? | what does it secrete?
secretion of antibodies secretes IL4, IL5, IL10, IL13 initiation of antibody response, regulation of Ig class switching (recruits eosinophils for parasite defence and promotes IgE production by B cells) inhibited by IFN-y (from Th1 cell)
62
what is a Langhans giant cell?
a nonspecific finding in granulomatous conditions characteristically have multiple nuclei organized peripherally in the shape of a horseshoe

Immunology (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions