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4th Year Infectious Diseases > General ID Knowledge > Flashcards

General ID Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

Is ceftriaxone a 4C antibiotic?

A

Yes

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2
Q

Is co-amoxiclav a 4C antibiotic?

A

Yes

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3
Q

Is clarithromycin a 4C antibiotic?

A

No

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4
Q

Is co-trimoxazole a 4C antibiotic?

A

No

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5
Q

Is ciprofloxacin a 4C antibiotic?

A

Yes

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6
Q

Is clindamycin a 4C antibiotic?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Gram negative ‘coliforms’ and pseudomonas aeruginosa and sensitive to which commonly used antibiotic?

A

Gentamicin

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8
Q

Anaerobes are sensitive to which commonly used antibiotic?

A

Metronidazole

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9
Q

MRSA is sensitive to which commonly used antibiotic?

A

Vancomycin

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10
Q

Beta-haemolytic streps (groups A C G) are sensitive to which 2 common antibiotics that are both in the same family?

A

Penicillin and flucloxacillin

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11
Q

Is chloramphenicol a 4C antibiotic?

A

No

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12
Q

Which antibiotic is used against coliforms if gentamicin has already been used for 3 days?

A

Aztreonam

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13
Q

When should you notify public health about a notifiable disease?

A

As soon as you have a reasonable clinical suspicion - DO NOT wait for lab confirmation

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14
Q

Name some of the most common notifiable diseases you may encounter

A
  • E.coli O157
  • Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (HUS)
  • Meningococcal disease
  • Necrotizing fasciitis
  • TB
  • Tetanus / diptheria / polio
  • Measles / Mumps / Rubella
  • Pertussis
  • Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
  • etc
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15
Q

What are the exclusion criteria that determine a patient needs to wait for confirmation of stool clear or E.coli rather than just wait 48hrs like everyone else?

A
  • Doubtful personal hygiene or unsatisfactory access to sanitary facilities
  • Pre-school attending child
  • Food worker
  • Clinical/social care staff of vulnerable people
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16
Q

Does Legionnaire’s disease need contact tracing?

A

No - there is no human to human transmission but you do need to do case finding and try to discover the source

17
Q

What are the exclusion criteria for gentamicin treatment?

A
  • < 16 years old
  • Ascites > 20% body weight
  • Major burns > 20% body surface
  • Decompensated Liver Disease
  • Myasthenia Gravis
  • Renal Transplant
  • Acute Kidney Injury (AKI 3) on dialysis or eGFR <20ml/min
  • End stage renal failure on dialysis with residual kidney function
18
Q

What is the maximum course length of gentamicin?

A

72hrs (3 days)

19
Q

What are the indications for vancomycin use?

A
  • Serious proven or suspected MRSA or coagulase negative staphylococcal infections
  • Infections due to other resistant gram positive organisms
  • Native (with severe sepsis or where MRSA suspected) or prosthetic valve endocarditis
  • Other infections – after consultation with ID Physician or Microbiologist
20
Q

How long can a PVC be left in before you have to consider taking it out?

A

72 hrs (3 days)

21
Q

The bottom of a blood culture bottle should be greenish in colour. An orange/red colour indicates what?

A

Contamination

22
Q

What is the optimum volume of blood to draw for a blood culture?

A

8-10ml - overfilling can lead to false positives

23
Q

If the patient has an arteriovenous fistula/graft in place in their arm can you cannulate them?

A

You must use the other arm

24
Q

Can you take blood cultures from a PVC?

A

No

25
Q

If a patient has an existing PVC, where should you not draw blood cultures from?

A

Sites on the arm above the PVC

26
Q

A patient has been started on intravenous antibiotics due to severe sepsis. There was not the opportunity to take a blood culture sample prior to commencement of antibiotics.

When should a blood culture be taken or is it even necessary now?

A

Yes. It is necessary and a blood culture sample should be taken immediately before the next dose of antibiotics

27
Q

What are the components of SIRS

A

≥2 of the following:

  • Temp >38 or <36
  • HR >90
  • RR >20
  • WBC count >12,000/mm3 or <4,000/mm3 or >10% immature neutrophils
28
Q

What are the side effects of gentamicin?

A

Kidney damage and deafness/dizziness

29
Q

What organs can vancomycin damage?

A

Kidneys

30
Q

What side effect can tetracyclines (eg doxycyline) have in children <12?

A

Permanent staining of teeth and bones

31
Q

What can you not do while taking metronidazole?

A

Drink alcohol

32
Q

What classes of antibiotics are all generally safe in pregnancy?

A

Penicillins and cephalosporins

33
Q

What antibiotics should be avoided in the first 3 months of pregnancy?

A

Trimethoprim and metronidazole

34
Q

What antibiotics shouldn’t be given to pregnant women?

A

Gentamicin, tetracyclines (eg doxycycline) and fluoroquinolones (eg ciprofloxacin)

35
Q

What is co-amoxiclav made up of?

A

Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid

36
Q

What is the treatment of TB?

A

Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol orally

4th Year Infectious Diseases (4 decks)

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