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Health Challenges > General Fluid Movement > Flashcards

General Fluid Movement Flashcards

1
Q

Do the levels of body water change over the lifespan? If yes, how so?

A

Yes, they decrease over the lifespan

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2
Q

Describe the relative volumes of the three body fluids?

A

Plasma - 3L
Interstitial fluid - 10L
Intracellular fluid - 28L

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3
Q

What is the primary component of the body?

A

Water

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4
Q

Lean body mass vs. adipose tissue

Which has a higher % of water?

A

Lean body mass

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5
Q

What makes up lean body mass?

A

Muscles, organs, bones

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6
Q

The more fat present in the body…

A

…the less total water content

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7
Q

In older adults, the body water content is lower as a result of…

A

…decreased body mass

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8
Q

1L of water = _Kg

A

1L of water = 1Kg

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9
Q

For example, if a patient drinks 240 mL of fluid, weight gain will be:

A

0.24 kg

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10
Q

What are electrolytes?

A

Substances whose molecules dissociate or split into ions when placed in solution

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11
Q

What is the charge of most proteins?

A

Negtaive

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12
Q

What are cations?

A

Positively charged electrolytes

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13
Q

What are anions?

A

Negatively charged electrolytes

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14
Q

The overall concentration of the electrolytes is approximately the ___ in the two compartments (ICF & ECF)

A

the same

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15
Q

Main cation and anion in the ECF?

A

Cation - Sodium

Anion - Chloride

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16
Q

Main cation and anion in the ICF?

A

Cation - Potassium

Anion -Phosphate

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17
Q

What are the four pressures that control movement of fluid between capillaries and insterstitum?

A
  1. Capillary hydrostatic pressure
  2. Plasma oncotic pressure
  3. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
  4. Interstitial oncotic pressure
18
Q

What does Capillary hydrostatic pressure do?

A

Pushes fluid out of the capillaries

19
Q

What does Plasma oncotic pressure do?

A

Pushes fluid into capillaries due to plasma proteins

20
Q

What does Interstitial hydrostatic pressure do?

A

Pushes fluid into the capillaries

21
Q

What does Interstitial oncotic pressure do?

A

Pull fluid out of capillaries

22
Q

What is the capillary hydrostatic pressure on arterial and venous side?

A

Arterial - 40 mmHg

Venous - 10 mmHg

23
Q

What is the plasma oncotic pressure?

A

25 mmHg

24
Q

Which two pressure cause the movement of water out of the capillaries?

A

Capillary hydrostatic pressure
Interstitial oncotic pressure

25
Q

Which two pressure cause the movement of fluid into the capillaries?

A

Plasma oncotic pressure and interstitisal hydrostatic pressure

26
Q

What are four ways edema can develop?

A
  1. Lymphatic outflow is obstructed
  2. Elevation of venous hydrostatic pressure
  3. Decrease in plasma oncotic pressure
  4. elevation of interstitial oncotic pressure
27
Q

What is happening in elevation of venous hydrostatic pressure?

A

Increasing the pressure at the venous end of the capillary inhibits fluid movement back into the capillary

Causes:
Fluid overload
HF
Liver failure

28
Q

What is happening in decrease in plasma oncotic pressure?

A

There isn’t enough pressure to push the fluid back into the capillary so fluid remains in the interstitium

This is usually seen when there is low plasma protein content

This can be caused by:
Excessive protein loss - renal disorders
Deficient protein synthesis - liver disease
Deficient protein intake - malnutrition

29
Q

What is happening when there is an elevation of interstitial oncotic pressure?

A

This occurs when there is damage to the capillary walls (inflammation, burns, etc.), proteins from the blood leak into the interstitial space, causing more fluid than normal to leak into the interstitial space, causing swelling

30
Q

Fluid movement between the ECF and the ICF is driven by differences in ___

A

Osmolarity

31
Q

Increased ECF osmolarity is a water __ in the cells

A

deficit

32
Q

Decreased ECF osmolarity is water __ in the cells

A

excess

33
Q

Changes in the osmolarity of the ECF alters the volume of the __

A

cells

34
Q

What happens during increased ECF osmolarity?

A

Water is pulled out of the cells until the two compartments have similar osmolarity, causing cell shrinkage as water is pulled into the vascular system

35
Q

What happens during decreased ECF osmolarity?

A

Water is pulled from the ECF into the cells, causing then to swell

36
Q

What body system shows symptoms first with increased/decreased ECF osmolarity?

And as a result of what?

A

Neurological symptoms

As a result of brain swelling (in decreased ECF osmolarity)

37
Q

What is fluid spacing?

A

A term used to describe the distribution of body water

38
Q

What is first spacing?

A

Describes the normal distribution of fluid in the ICF and ECF compartments

39
Q

What is second spacing?

A

Refers to an abnormal accumulation of interstitial fluid (edema)

The fluid is still part of extracellular fluid and can potentially be reabsorbed into the bloodstream or removed with treatment.

This fluid is abnormal, but still accessible to the body.

It’s not permanently “trapped”

40
Q

What is third spacing?

A

Occurs when fluid accumulates in a portion of the body from which it is not easily exchanged with the rest of the ECF

This fluid is trapped and essentially unavailable for functional use

41
Q

Serious complication of third-spacing

A

Hypovolemia

42
Q

Examples of third-spacing

A

Ascites

Sequestration of fluid in the abdominal cavity with peritonitis

Edema associated with burns, trauma, or sepsis

Health Challenges (8 decks)

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