GENERAL EXTERNAL ANATOMY Flashcards
Body Segments: 3 (head, thorax, and abdomen)
Class Insecta
Body Segments: 2 (cephalothorax, abdomen)
Class Arachnida
Antennae: Present (2)
Class Insecta
Antennae: Absent
Class Arachnida
Chelicerae: Absent
Class Insecta
Chelicerae: Present (modified mouthparts)
Class Arachnida
Wings: Present (1 or 2 pairs) in many species
Class Insecta
Wings: Absent
Class Arachnida, Lice, Fleas
Legs: 6 (3 pairs)
Class Insecta
Legs: 8 (4 pairs)
Class Arachnida
Wing Structure: Hard forewings (elytra), leathery, often fused together
Beetles
Wing Structure: Membranous, often overlapping but not fused
True Bugs
Mouthparts: Chewing
Beetles
Mouthparts: Piercing-sucking
True Bugs, Mites, Ticks
Metamorphosis: Complete/Holometabolous (egg, larva, pupa, adult)
Beetles, Mosquitoes, Houseflies, Butterflies
Metamorphosis: Incomplete/Hemimetabolous (egg, nymph, adult)
True Bugs, Grasshoppers, Cockroaches
Sclerites (hard plates): Hard, well-developed exoskeleton
Beetles
Sclerites (hard plates): Softer exoskeleton with distinct sclerites
True Bugs
Legs: 3 pairs of short, clawed legs
Lice
Legs: 3 pairs of long, adapted-for-jumping legs
Fleas
Eyes: Reduced or absent
Lice
Eyes: Compound eyes
Fleas
Antennae: Short, club-shaped
Lice, Fleas
Parasitism: Permanent ectoparasites (live on host)
Lice
Parasitism: Temporary ectoparasites (feed on host)
Fleas
Wings: Narrow, long, covered in scales
Mosquitoes
Wings: Broad, clear, with a characteristic buzzing sound
Flies
Mouthparts: Long, slender proboscis for piercing and sucking
Mosquitoes
Mouthparts: Short, spongy mouthparts for lapping or scraping
Flies
Antennae: Feathery in males, simple in females
Mosquitoes
Antennae: Short, bristle-like
Flies
Resting Position: Body tilted at an angle
Mosquitoes
Resting Position: Body parallel to the ground
Flies
Waist: Narrow, constricted “wasp waist” (pedicel)
Ants
Waist: Smooth, not constricted, broader abdomen
Wasps
Wings: Membranous, front pair usually larger than back pair
Ants
Wings: Membranous, all four wings are equal in size
Wasps
Sociality: Often highly social, forming colonies
Ants
Sociality: Mostly solitary, some are social with smaller colonies
Wasps
Stinger: Present in females and queens
Ants
Stinger: Present in females, used for hunting and defense
Wasps
Chelicerae: Visible, fang-like mouthparts
Spiders
Chelicerae: Tucked under the cephalothorax, pincer-like claws
Scorpions
Eyes: 8, arranged in various patterns
Spiders
Eyes: 8, simple eyes on top of cephalothorax
Scorpions
Spinnerets: Present, used for producing silk
Spiders
Spinnerets: Absent
Scorpions
Tail: Soft, segmented abdomen; no tail with venomous stinger
Spiders
Tail: Hard, segmented tail with a venomous sting at the tip
Scorpions
Body size: Very small, no distinct body regions; often microscopic
Mites
Body size: Larger body size (when engorged), distinct head and body regions visible to the naked eye
Ticks
Legs: Four pairs (8 legs) in larvae
Three pairs (6 legs) in adults
Mites
Legs: Three pairs (6 legs) in all stages
Ticks
Life Cycle: Simple metamorphosis (egg, larva, nymph, adult)
Mites
Life Cycle: Complex metamorphosis (egg, larva, nymph, pupa, adult)
Ticks
Antennae: Feathery or filamentous, thread-like, often comb-like in males
Moths
Antennae: Thin, clubbed, or knobbed at the end
Butterflies
Wings: Broad, often dull colors, held flat at rest
Moths
Wings: Narrower, often brightly or vibrantly colored, folded vertically at rest
Butterflies
Activity Time: Primarily nocturnal
Moths
Activity Time: Primarily diurnal (active during the day)
Butterflies
Resting Position: Wings held flat over the body; wings spread
Moths
Resting Position: Wings folded vertically above the body; wings closed upright
Butterflies