General Diagnosis Flashcards
1
Q
what are the Health history
A
chief complaint
past health history
personal and social history
review of systems
2
Q
What is the chief complaint?
A
reason for seeking care
it should be the patients own words
3
Q
Patients present illness
A
OPQRST
4
Q
What does OPQRST mean
A
onset
palliative/provoking
quality
radiating/referral
site/setting/severity
timing
5
Q
on a patient with sudden onset what does it indicate?
A
Neuromuscular diagnosis
6
Q
on a patient with insidious onset what does it indicate?
A
organ or cancer diagnosis
7
Q
when asking a patient if what makes it worse or better and patient says nothing make it worse or better
A
think of cancer
8
Q
when asking a patient if what makes it worse or better and patient says they can find a comfortable position
A
think of NMS diagnosis
9
Q
when asking a patient if what makes it worse or better and patient says cannot find a comfortable position usually localize the pain
A
think of organ diagnosis
10
Q
for quality of pain, throbbing
A
vascular
11
Q
for quality of pain, aching
A
muscle
12
Q
for quality of pain, burning
A
nerve
13
Q
for quality of pain, tearing
A
dissecting aneurysms
14
Q
deep boring pain
A
cancer
15
Q
for radiating/referral, dermatogenous
A
nerve root
16
Q
for radiating/referral, facet
A
sclerotagenous
17
Q
for radiating/referral, flank
A
kidney
18
Q
for radiating/referral, groin
A
ureter
19
Q
for radiating/referral, T10-T12
A
pancreas
20
Q
for radiating/referral, right shoulder and inferior right angle of the right scapula
A
gall bladder
21
Q
for radiating/referral, left shoulder down arm left jaw
A
heart
22
Q
for radiating/referral, periumbilical
A
small intestin
23
Q
for radiating/referral, suprapubic
A
urinary bladder
24
Q
past health history? what are those
A
ASHIT
allergies
surgery
hospitalization
infection/immunization
trauma
25
what are the family health history?
cancer
cardiovascular
heart dx
stroke
diabetes
26
what are social personal history
martial status
occupation
diet
exercise
bower/urinary problem
sleep
stress
alcohol
27
what is the CAGE question?
indication of alcoholism
C-cutting down thinking of cutting down on drinking
A-annoyed by others criticism of drinking
G- guilty feeling about drinking
E- eye opener, thinking of eye opener drink in morning
28
Vital signs : temp oral
98.6
29
Vital signs : rectal and tympanic
99.6
30
Vital signs : axilla
97.,6
31
Vital signs : range
96-99.5
32
Normal pulse for :
Adult
elderly
newborn
A: 60-100
E : 70-80
N: 120-160
33
BP: normal for adult
90-120/ 60-80
34
BP: hypertension
over 140/90
35
BP: hypotension
under 90/60
36
subclavian steal syndrome
10-15mm hg (bp) difference on the side of decreased bp. example. Right arm is 90/60 and left arm is 120/80. Right arm has subclavian steal syndrome
37
tests for vertebrobasical artery insufficiency
barre-lieu
deklyn's
hallpike
hauntants
underberg
maigne's
38
barre-lieou
Patient seated
patient rotate head maximally from side to side
39
Test for vertibrobasilar artery insufficiency : hautant's
patient seated
arms extend forward to shoulder level with hands supinated
patient close eyes
rotate head to one side and extend
do on both sides
40
maigne's
patient seated
doctor brings head to extension and rotation
41
Underberg
patient standsing
arms on side and feet together
patient extends arms and supinate and patient extend head and rotate head to one side
patient will march in place
42
dekleyn's
patient supine
patient rotate and extend head off the table
43
hallpike
enhanced dekleyns
patient supine
patient rotate and extend head off the table and add lateral flexion.
44
what does scaly eyebrows indicate?
seborrhea
45
what does loss of lateral 1/3 indicates?
myxedema / hypothyroidism
46
Addie's pupil
Symptom
Cause
Age
* sluggish pupilary reaction to light that is unilateral
* caused by a parasympatheyic lesion CN3
* younger than 25
47
Anisocoria
* unequal pupil size
48
Argll Robertson
Seen w what
Aka
* bilaterally small and irregular pupils that accomodate but DOES NOT react to light
* Seen in Syphillis ( 3rd stage)
* Prostitutes pupil
49
Arroyo sign
* sluggish pupillary reaction d/t hypo-adrenalism ( addison's )
50
Blepharitis
* inflammation of the eyelid seen with seborrhea,staph infection, and inflammatory processes
51
Cataracts
* opacities seen in the lens that are commonly seen with diabetes and in the elderly
* absent red light reflex
* halo light @ night time
52
Chalazion
* an infection of the meibomian gland
* causes a nodule inside the lid
53
Conjunctiva
* pink = normal
* pale = anemia
* bright red = infection
54
Corneal arcus
* grayish opaque ring around the cornea
* over 40 yo means hypercholesterolemia
* normal on elderly
55
Diabetic Retinopathy
* affects the veins more than arteries
* presents with microaneurysms, hard exudates, and neovascularization
56
Ectropion
* lid is turned outward
* common in elderly
57
Entropion
* lid is turned inward
* common on elderly
58
exophthalmosis
* lid lag or failure to cover eyeball
* can be seen with graves ( hyperthyroidism) or tumor ( unilateral)
58
exophthalmosis
* lid lag or failure to cover eyeball
* can be seen with graves ( hyperthyroidism) or tumor ( unilateral)
59
Glaucoma
* Increased intraocular pressure causing cupping of the optic disc
* pt will notice blurring of their vision especially in the peripheral fields as well as rings around lights.
* Crescent sign will be present upon tangential lighting of cornea
60
Hordoleum
* AKA: sty
* infection of the sebaceous glands causing pimple or boil on the eyelid
61
Horner's syndrome
* Ptosis, miosis, and anhydrosis on the same side as an interruption to the cervical sympathetics
62
Hypertensive retinopathy
* Damage to the retinal vessels/background will show signs of :
copper wire deformity,
silver wire deformity,
A-V nicking,
flame hemorrhages
cotton wool soft exudates
63
internal ophthalmoplegia
* dilated pupil with ptosis and lateral deviation
* doesnt react to light or accomodation
* multiple sclerosis
64
Iritis
* inflammation of the iris seen with AS
* colored portion of the eye
65
Macular degeneration
* most common reason for blindness in elderly
* central vision lost
* macular drusen is an early sign of macular degeneration ( yellow deposits under the retina
66
Miosis
* fixed and constricted pupils that react to light and accomodate
67
papilladema
Aka
Syptom cause
Seen with what
* AKA choked disc
* swelling of the optic disc d/t increased intracranial pressure
* NO visual loss
* may be seen with a brain tumor or brain hemorrhage
68
Periorbital edma
* swelling around the eye seen with allergies, myedema, and nephrotic syndrome ( HEP)
69
Pinquecula
* a yellowish triangular nodue in the bulbar conjunctiva that is harmless and indicates aging
70
Pterygium
* triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows across the cornea and is brough on by dry eyes
71
ptosis
* drooping of the eyelid
* seen with conditions such as horner's
* CN 3 paralysis
* myasthenia gravis
* multiple screrosis
71
ptosis
* drooping of the eyelid
* seen with conditions such as horner's
* CN 3 paralysis
* myasthenia gravis
* multiple screrosis
72
retinal detachment
* painless sudden onset of blindness described as curtains closing over vision
* lightning flashes and floaters are seen prior to vision loss
73
Sclera
* White = normal
* yellow = jaunduce
* blue = osteogenesis imperfecta
74
xanthelasma
* fatty plaques on the nasal surface of the eyelids that may be normal or indicates hypercholesterolemia
75
Vision : emmetropia
normal vision
76
Vision : myopia
nearsighted
77
Vision : hyperopia
far sighted
78
Vision : presbyopia
loss of lense elasticity d/t aging
79
What CN nerve for direct light reflex
CN 2 and CN 3
80
What CN nerve consensual light reflex
CN 2 and 3
81
What CN nerve swinging light test
CN 2 and 3 and eye pathology
82
Accomodation
CN 2 and 3
83
Visual acuity
snellen chart
84
cardinal fields of gaze
3 , 4 ,6
85
What tests for CN 2 and 3 ?
* direct light reflex
* indirect light reflex
* swinging light reflex
* accomodation
86
What does SO4LR6/3 mean
* Superior oblique is CN 4
* oblique is oposite
* example : SO means looking middle and down
* Inferior oblique is lkooking middle and up
87
ACoustic neuroma
Detail
Symptoms
Test
* benign tumor of CN 8
* hearing loss
* tinnitus
* vertigo
* presense of tumor on CT or MRI
88
Acute mastoditis
* bacetrial infection in the mastoid process.
* inflammation and palpatory tenderness over mastoid
* hearing loss is commonly associated
88
Acute mastoditis
* bacetrial infection in the mastoid process.
* inflammation and palpatory tenderness over mastoid
* hearing loss is commonly associated
89
acute otitis externa
* infection of outer ear
* swimming
* water is contaminated
* swimmer's ear
* pain and inflammation on outer ear
* tugging on pinna is painful
90
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Symptom
D/t
Test
* brief episode of vertigo
* d/t change of head position
* Dix-hallpike maneuver = test
90
Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
* symptom
Cause
Test
* brief episode of vertigo
* d/t change of head position
* Dix-hallpike maneuver = test
91
Eustachian tube block
* retraction of the tympanic membrane
92
Eustachian tube block
* retraction of the tympanic membrane
93
Meniere's disease
* recurring prostrating vertigo
* sensory hearing loss
* tinnitus
* fullness of ear
94
Presbycussis
* sensorineural hearing loss that occurs as people age
* can be genetic or acquired
95
Presbycussis
* sensorineural hearing loss that occurs as people age
* can be genetic or acquired
96
Purulent otitis media
| AKA
* AKA: bacterial otitis media
* bacterial or viral infection in the middle ear ( media)
* tympanic membrane presents with red appearance, dilated blood vessels, bulging
96
Purulent otitis media
| AKA
* AKA: bacterial otitis media
* bacterial or viral infection in the middle ear ( media)
* tympanic membrane presents with red appearance, dilated blood vessels, bulging
97
Serous otitis media
Detail
D/t
Symptom
* effusion in the middle ear
* d/t incomplete resolution of acute otitis media or obstruction of eustachian tube
* chronic and fuild is amber w/ bubbles
98
Serous otitis media
* effusion in the middle ear
* d/t incomplete resolution of acute otitis media or obstruction of eustachian tube
* chronic and fuild is amber w/ bubbles
99
Tinnitus
* ringing in ears
100
Tinnitus
* ringing in ears
101
Vertigo
* rotary movement associated with difficulty in balance, gait and navigation of environment
102
Vertigo
* rotary movement associated with difficulty in balance, gait and navigation of environment
103
Weber test
* should be equal on both side
104
weber and rinne test
* test weber
* if patient left hearing loss
* positive weber can only be 2 tings : air conduction on potivie side or nerve damage on other side
* do rinne test
* normal rinne: air conduction should be hear 2 times longer than the bone conduction.
* so if doing rinne test on the weber positive ear. and it is positive rinne test, problem is air conduction on same ear
* if rinne test is negative on weber positive ear than other ear is positive for nerve damage.
105
allergic rhinitis
* nasal mucosa appears pale or blue and boggy
105
allergic rhinitis
* nasal mucosa appears pale or blue and boggy
106
Atrophic rhinitis
* thinning of the nasal mucosa with sclerosis, curst formation and foul odor
107
Atrophic rhinitis
* thinning of the nasal mucosa with sclerosis, curst formation and foul odor
108
Polyps
* chronic inflammation of nasal mucosa
109
Viral rhinitis
* red and swollen with clear runny nose
110
Viral rhinitis
* red and swollen with clear runny nose
111
Angular stomatitis
| AKA
* AKA: cheilosis
* red sores at corner of the mouth that are referred to as angular cheilitis
* Vit B2 deficiency (riboflavin)
112
Atrophic glossitis
Deficiency of what
* deficiency of B vitamins ( B12) or iron
* tongue appears to smooth and glossy
113
Candidiasis
* thick white fungal patches that are easily scraped off
* yeast or fungus
114
Fissured tongue
| AKA
* AKA: scrotal tongue
* deep furrows on the surface of the tongue that is considered normal variant
115
Leukoplakia
## Footnote
*
* pre cancerous lesion of white patches that are adherent to the surface
* not easily removed
116
Kaposi sacroma
Cause
Symptom
* caused by herpes 8 virus
* looks like bruise on hard palate
117
Acromegaly
* excessive production of growth hormones beginning in middle age
* abnormal growth in hands , feet and facial bones
* After growth plates are closed
118
Gigantism
* excessive production of growth hormones
* before growth plates are closed, so they keep growing unlike acromegally
119
Hyperthyroidism
| what are the characteristics compared to hypo, there are 7
Weight
Attitude
Heat/cold
Hair
Eyes
Neck
Tsh t3t4
* most common cause is grave's dx, autoimmune dx
* weight loss with increased appetite
* irritable and nervous
* intolerance to heat
* moist and fine hair
* exophthalmos
* possible neck swelling d/t goiter
* Increased T3, T4 and decreased TSH
120
Hypothyroidism
* AKA: myxedema
* hashimoto is mcc in the US
* cretinism is congenital cause
* Weight gain with decreased apetite
* depression,weakness, and fatigue
* intolerance to cold
* corase , dry hair and skin
* macroglossie, loss of lateral 1/3 of eyebrows
* Decreased Triiodothyonin, and Thyroxine, increased thyoid stimulating hormone
121
Common migraine
Aka
| * age :
* site :
* characteristics :
* provocative :
* follow up :
AKA: vascular
* age : childhood and early adulthood
* site : unilateral or bilateral
* characteristics : photophobia
: throbbing
: worse behind 1 yye
: nausea
: vomitting
: decreasing with age
: pregnancy
* provocative : Bright light
: chocolate
: cheese
: tension
: red wine
: Menstrial cycle
: tension
: loud sound
* follow up : Adjust
: diet log
: avoid provokers
:
122
Classic migraine
| * Age
* site :
* characteristics :
* provocative :
* follow up :
* age : childhood and early adulthood, females
* site : unilateral
* characteristics : photophobia
: throbbing
: worse behind 1 yye
: nausea
: vomitting
: decreasing with age
: pregnancy
* provocative : Bright light
: chocolate
: cheese
: tension
: red wine
: Menstrial cycle
: tension
: loud sound
* follow up :
123
Hypertension
| * Age
* site :
* characteristics :
* follow up :
* Age : adult
* site : occipital
: Vertex
* characteristics : throbbing
: Wake up w/ headache
* follow up : BP , lipid profile
124
Cluster AKA autonomic
| * Age :
* site :
* characteristics :
* provocative :
* follow up :
* Age : adolescent to adults
* site : unilateral
: orbital
: temporal
* characteristics : Wake up at night w/ headache
: rhinorrhea
: Lacrimation
: Facial sweating
: red eye
: miosis
: not aggrevated by exertion
* provocative : alchohol
: in culsters
: allergy and changes w/ pressure
* follow up : adjust, educate, avoid alcohol,
125
Mascular tension
| * Age :
* site :
* characteristics :
* provocative :
* follow up :
* Age : any age
* site : band - like
* characteristics : pressure, muscle tightness
* provocative : fatigue, tension, stress, work
* follow up : adj, myofascial release stress reduction, alcohol make it better
126
# Not a chiro case
temporalis arteritis
| * Age :
* site :
* characteristics :
* provocative :
* follow up :
* Age : over 50
* site : unilateral , temporal, proximal muscle pain and stiff
* characteristics : presistent burning, aching, throbbing, polymyalgia, rheumatica,
* provocative : scalp sensitive, tender arteries
* follow up : ER
127
Cervicogenic headache
* aka
| * Age :
* site :
* characteristics :
* provocative :
* follow up :
* AKA: vertebrogenic
* Age : adult
* site : occipital , upper cervical
* characteristics : daily, decrease ROM in upper cervical and occiput, pain in neck referred to head
* provocative : head movement
* follow up : flexion , extension , x-ray , adjust, myofasical release
128
sinus
| * Age :
* site :
* characteristics :
* provocative :
* follow up :
* Age : any
* site : localized and changes with body position.
* characteristics : steady throb, local tenderness, worse in the morning
* provocative : chronic sinusitis
* follow up :adjust, co-manage PCP
129
# Artery , not chiro case
subarachnoid hermorrage
| * Age :
* site :
* characteristics :
* provocative :
* follow up :
* Age : any age
* site : basilar area
* characteristics : abrupt onset, constant, stiff neck, excruciating pain like never before experienced
* provocative : hypertension, stress
* follow up : ER, mri , ct
130
# not a chiro case, vein
subdural hematoma
* Age :
* characteristics :
* provocative :
* follow up :
* Age : any age
* characteristics : slow bleed following a trauma, post injury
* provocative : trauma
* follow up : ER
131
# not chiro case
brain tumor
| * Age :
* site :
* characteristics :
* provocative :
* follow up :
* Age : any age
* site : any place and changes with body position
* characteristics : onset morning and evening, mild to severe, throbbing, progressively worse
* provocative : tumor growth
* follow up : Neurosurgeon
132
# not a chiro case
meningeal irritation
* Age :
* site :
* characteristics :
* provocative :
* Age : any age
* site : neck
* characteristics : intense, deep pain, never experienced before, stiff neck
* provocative : worse in flexion
133
hypoglycemic
* site :
* provocative :
* follow up :
* site : generalized
* provocative : skipping meals
* follow up : FBS
134
# not chiro case
post concussive
* Age :
* site :
* characteristics :
* provocative :
* follow up :
* Age : any age
* site : localized general pain
* characteristics : loss of memory visual disturbance
* provocative : fall , MVA, whiplash injury, trauma
* follow up : neuro, ER
135
# Thorax and lungs
Barrel chest
* Lateral diamiter is 1 to 1 ratio
* seen with COPD and cystic fibrosis , asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis
136
# Thorax and lungs
Pectus excavatum
| AKA
Associated w whar
* AKA: funnel chest
* Depression in the sternum
* associated w/ mitral prolapse, marfan syndrome
137
# Thorax and lungs
Pectus carinatum
| AKA
## Footnote
*
* AKA: pigeon chest
* forward protrusion of the sternum
138
tachypnea
* rapid, shallow breathing
139
Bradypnea
* slow breathing
140
Biot's breathing
quick shallow inspiration followed by irregular periods of apnea ( no pattern)
141
Cheyne stokes respiration
Detail
* alternating periods of apnea and hypernea ( w/ pattern)
* Respiration acidosis
* COPD
142
Kussmaul's
* rapid and shallow but as metabolic acidosis worsen breathing becomes deep, slow, labored, and gasping
* air hunger breathing
143
Pitted
* unguinal indentation
* seen w/ psoriasis
144
Splinter hemorrage
What organism
* subacute bacteral endocarditis
* strep organism
145
Splinter hemorrage
Detail
Type bacteria
* subacute bacteral endocarditis
* strep organism
146
Beau's lines
* transverse ridging associated w/ acute severe disease
147
Clubbing
* Angle greater than 180
* hypoxia early
* COPD late
148
Koilonychia
* spoon nail, iron deficiency anemia
149
Respiratory excursion
* place hands over the posterior ribs
* have patient take deep breathes
150
Tactile fermitus
* Sounds is louder w/ solid things ( like tumor, water etc)
* Have patient say 99
* doctor feels the vibration
151
In Tactile fermitus, what does fluid indicate?
* Increased vibration
* pneumonia
152
In Tactile fermitus, what does air indicate?
* decreased vibration
* emphysema, pneumothorax
153
In Tactile fermitus, what does sound barrier indicate
* decreased vibration
* atelectasis
* pleurisy
154
Percussion
* 2 finger on top of 2 fingers
155
In percussion, what does resonate mean
* normal over ling tissue
156
In percussion, what does hyperresonant mean
* incerased air in the chest
* Emphysema, pneumothorax
* sounds metallic
157
In percussion, what does dull indicate
* increased density
* pneumonia
* atelectasis
158
Diaphramatic excursion
* find superior and inferior of diaphram
* 2 inchest is normal
159
Breath sounds location:
* over trachea
160
Breath sounds location: bronchial
* over manubrium
161
Breath sounds location: bronchovesicular
* between the 1st and 2nd ribs anterior beteween scapula posteriorly
162
Breath sounds location: vesicular
* remaning lung field
163
Abnormal breath sounds: Rales
Sound
Detail
Type
Dx
* small clicking, bubbling, rattling souund
* occurs when air opens closed air spaces
* mosit dry fine and corase
* bronchitis
164
Abnormal breath sounds: rhonchi
* snoring
* air is blocked or becomes rough through the large airways
* bronchiectasis
165
Abnormal breath sounds: wheezes
* high pitched sounds produced by narrowed airways
* heard on exhalation
* asthma, emphysema
166
Abnormal breath sounds: Stridor
Sound
D/t
* Wheeze - like sound heard on inspiration
* d/t blockage of airflow
167
VOcal resonance : bronchophony
* when partient says 99, and sounds clear
* consolidation present
168
Egophony
* when patient says "eeeee" your hear aaaa
* consolidation is present
169
whispered pectoriloquy
* when patients says 1,2,3 and hear clearly and distinctly,
* consolidation present
170
Asthma
| * percussion
* fremitus
* breath sound
* percussion : Resonant
* fremitus : D
* breath sound : wheezing
171
Atelectasis
| * percussion :
* fremitus :
* breath sound :
* percussion : dull/fat
* fremitus : D
* breath sound : Absent
172
Bronchiectasis
| * percussion :
* fremitus :
* breath sound :
* percussion : resonant
* fremitus : normal
* breath sound : rhonchi
173
Bronchitis
| * percussion :
* fremitus :
* breath sound :
* percussion : resonant
* fremitus : normal
* breath sound : rales
174
Emphysema
| * percussion :
* fremitus :
* breath sound :
* percussion : hyperresonant
* fremitus : D
* breath sound : wheezing
175
Pleurisy
| * percussion :
* fremitus :
* breath sound :
* percussion : Dull
* fremitus : D
* breath sound : Crackles ( friction rub)
176
Pneumothorax
| * percussion :
* fremitus :
* breath sound :
* percussion : hyperresonant
* fremitus : decreased
* breath sound : decreased
177
Pneumonia
| * percussion :
* fremitus :
* breath sound :
* percussion : dull
* fremitus : Increased
* breath sound : egophony, bronchophony, whispered pectoriqloqy, crackes
178
Lobar Pneumonia
* detail :
* Symptom :
* Test :
* :Management
* Detail : consolidation of the lung
* Symptom : rusty brown sputum, productive cough for 10 days and fever
* Test : silhouete sign, air bronchogram
: percurssion : dull, Rales, increased fermitus
* management: Refer
179
Friedlander's pneumonia
* detail :
* Symptom :
* Cause :
* Detail : seen in older people and immune compromised.
* Symptom : red jelly sputum ,
* Cause : klebsiella pneumonia
180
Pneumocystis carinii
* detail :
* Cause :
* Detail : seen with aids patients
* Cause : yeast / fungus
181
Cytomegalovirus
* detail :
* Cause :
* Detail : seen w/ aids patients
* Cause : CMV
182
Tubercolosis
* Symptom :
* Cause :
* Test :
* X-ray :
* Management:
* Symptom : yellow/green sputum. low grade fever, night sweats, productive cough
* Cause : mycobacterium tubercolosis
* Test : tine test/ mantoux test, purified protein derivative
* X-ray : small white lesions called ghon lesion
* Management : not chiro case
183
Pleurism
* detail :
* Symptom :
* Test :
* Management :
* detail : inflammation of pleura, produce exudative pleural effusion,
* Symptom : stabbing chest pain, worse by inspiration, dry non productive cough
* Test : schepelman's test
: decreased = tactile fermitus, respiration excursion, dull on percussion and friction rub
* Management: not chiro case
183
Pneumothorax
* detail :
* Test :
* management:
* detail : ruptred lung causing air to be trapped in pleural space, can occur in young healthy people
: tracheal deviation away from pneumothorax d/t larger lung
* Test : decreased chest expansion, decreased tactile fermitus, hyperresonant , decrease breath sounds
* management: ER , O2
184
Atelectasis
* detail :
* Cause :
* Test :
* management:
* detail : tracheal deviation towards atelectasis d/t collapse lung
* Cause : mucus plug
* Test : decreasedd tactile fermitus, dull on percussion, decrease chest expansion , decrease or absent breath sounds
* management: not a chiro case, send ER
185
Bronchiectasis
* detail :
* Symptom :
* Test :
* detail : irreversible focal bronchial dilation,
* Symptom : chronic productive cough
* Test : CT
186
What are the COPD
* Cystic fibrosis
* asthma
* emphysema
* chronic bronchitis
187
Chronic bronchitis
* Symptom :
* Cause :
* Test :
* Symptom : long term cough w/ mucus, shortness of breath
* Cause : cigereth smoking, long exposure to chemicals, fumes , dust, and other substances
* Test : wheezing
188
Asthma
* detail :
* Symptom :
* Test :
* detail : bronchospasm ,
: Type 1 hypersitivity
: eosinophils, IGE
* Symptom : tachycardio, tachypnea,
* Test : decreased tactile fermitus, wheezing
Labs: curshmann's spirals, charcod ladan crystals ( both from IGE) ( needed to diagnose )
189
Emphysema
* detail :
* Cause :
* Test :
* detail : destruction of elastic pulmonary connective tissue that sults in permanent dilation of alveoli air
* Cause : deficieny of alpha 1 anti trypsin
* Test : decreased tactile fermitus, hyper resonant, decrease breath sounds. wheezing
:
190
Bronchogenic cancinoma
* detail :
* Symptom :
* Cause :
* management:
* detail : primary malignant lung tumor
: started in bronchus area
* Symptom : non productive cough for 30 days. no fever, dyspnea, and weight los
* Cause : long term smoking 20-30 years
* management: oncologist, biopsy, CT
191
Costochondritis
* detail :
* Symptom :
* Cause :
* detail : inflammation of the cartilage connection between the ribs and sternum
* Symptom : worse on exercise , pain is worse when deep breath, palpable tenderness on 3, 4 , 5 constostartnal artciculation
* Cause : physical activity
:
192
Tietze syndrome
when one articulation is affected
193
Herpes zoster
* detail :
* Symptom :
* Cause :
* detail : shingles
* Symptom : rash on dematome ( one nerve)
* Cause : CN 5 lesion
:
194
Sarcoidosis
* detail :
* Symptom :
* X-ray :
* detail : abnormal collection of inflammatory cells for nodules
* Symptom : nodules appear in lungs or lymph nodes
: common on african descent in US
* X-ray : bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, angel wing appearance
195
Hodgkin
* detail :
* Symptom :
* Test :
* detail : cancer of lymphatic that can spread to spleen
: common on white males
* Symptom : fever , night sweat, weight loss, intense pruritis ( relaase of IGE, larghe spleen,
* Test : biopsy, stern berge cells
196
Cystic fibrosis
* detail :
* Symptom :
* Cause :
* Test :
* detail : Barrel chest, chronic, progressive, fatal genetic disease of the body's mucus glands.
: glands produce or secrete sweat and mucus
: Thick acculmulation of mucus in the intesting andlungs
* Symptom : lost of salt in body.
* Cause : meconium ileus
* Test : sweat test
