Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Paediatric And Special Care Dentistry > General Development And Management > Flashcards

General Development And Management Flashcards

1
Q

What is child development?

A

Development- orderly and relatively enduring changes over time in physical and neurological structures, through processes and behaviours
Maturation- a universal sequence of biological events occurring in the body and the brain that permits a psychological function to appear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are gross motor skills?

A

The abilities required in order to control the large muscles of the body for walking, running, sitting, crawling and other activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

At what age should a child be sitting without support?

A

8 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

At what age should a child be crawling?

A

6-9 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

At what age should a child be standing with assistance?

A

8-10 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

At what age should a child be walking with assistance?

A

12 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

At what age should a child be standing alone?

A

11 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

At what age should a child be walking alone?

A

8-18 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is fine motor skill?

A

Coordination of small muscle movements which occur e.g. in the fingers, usually in coordination with the eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some clinical implications of motor development?

A

Oral hygiene instruction
Getting in the dental chair
Detection of non-accidental injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is cognitive development?

A

The development of intelligence, conscious thought and problem solving ability which begins in infancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three theory’s of cognitive development?

A

Cognitive theory- focuses on thinking, interpretation, learning and remembering
Behaviourism theory- directed by environmental influences
Psychodynamic theory- man has instinctive drives, aggression activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the eating habits of a child?

A

Birth-6 months- breast/bottle fed
6-12 months- weaning foods- no salt/honey
12 months- can eat family dinners
18 months- weaned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In Piaget’s stages view of cognitive theory what is sensorimotor 0-2 years?

A

Learning is through taste, touch and sound
Develop problem solving skills
Achieve object permanence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In Piaget’s stages view of cognitive theory what is pre-operational thought 2-7 years?

A

Learning to predict outcomes of behaviour

Thought patterns poorly developed and egocentric

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

In Piaget’s stages view of cognitive theory what is concrete operations 7-11 years?

A

Logical reasoning
Can consider another person’s point of view
Can assess more than one aspect of a situation
Abstract thought not well developed
Reasoning from own experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In Piaget’s stages view of cognitive theory what is formal operations 11 years?

A

Logical abstract thinking is developed
Different possibilities for action can be considered
Deductive reasoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the meaning of perceptual?

A

To make sense of the world, infants have to perceive it and research into the development of sensory and perceptual abilities is one of the most exciting and important areas of infancy research

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Perceptual development

Hearing

A

6-8 weeks- responds to sounds
4 months- move or react when someone speaks or makes a noise
1 year old- turn around if a parent is calling from behind, recognises own name
7 year old- can determine which messages merit attention

20
Q

Perceptual development

Vision

A

Neonate- poor colour discrimination, limited visual fields
9-12 months- can spot a small object nearby, watches face and tries to imitate impressions, visually alert to new people, objects and surroundings
2 years- optic myelinisation complete
3 years- retinal tissue is mature
6 years- scan in on an object, fixate on detail

21
Q

What is speech?

A

Speech is the verbal expression of language and includes articulation, which is the way words are formed

22
Q

What is language?

A

Language is much boarder and refers to the entire system of expressing and receiving information in a way that’s meaningful

23
Q

At what age should babies start babbling?

A

6 months

24
Q

At what age should babies start saying mama and dada and responding to their name?

A

12 months

25
Q

At what age should babies be able to say single words, make animal sounds and follow simple instructions?

A

18 months

26
Q

At what age should babies be able to understand “no”, use 10 to 20 words, including names?

A

1-2 years

Parents should understand 50% of speech at this age

27
Q

At what age should babies be able to identify body parts, have a 450-word vocabulary, understand simple time concepts, like to hear the same story repeated?

A

2-3 years

At this age parents should understand 75% of speech

28
Q

At what age should children be able to tell a story , have a sentence length of 4-5 words, have a vocabulary of nearly 1000 words and know his or her last name, name of their street and nursery rhymes?

A

3-4 years

At this age they should be understood by people that don’t know them

29
Q

What is social development?

A

The development of the personality, and the acquisition of social attitudes and skills, from infancy through maturity

30
Q

At infancy what social development should a child have?

A

Makes eye contact

Smiles 6 weeks, laughs 16 weeks

31
Q

What social development should a child have in early childhood?

A

Learn sharing and turn taking

Learn to approach others

32
Q

What social development should a child have when they are in school years?

A

Increased self confidence
Friendships become more important
Fairness and equality become more important

33
Q

What social development should a child have at an adolescence age?

A

Socially centred

Friendships take priority

34
Q

At age 9-12 months what are the child’s fears?

A

Loud noise

Separation

35
Q

At age 2-4 years what are the child’s fears?

A

Imaginary objects

36
Q

At age 4 years what are a child’s fears?

A

Dark

Unknown

37
Q

At age 5-6 years what are a child’s fears?

A

Social and school fears

38
Q

At age 6-16 years what are a child’s fears?

A

Injury
Death
Natural events
Social anxiety

39
Q

What are the 3 parenting styles?

A

Authoritarian- rules and order
Permissive- few rules, freedom for child
Authoritative- try to show responsibility for behaviour

40
Q

What is the aim when treating a child?

A

To successfully complete treatment as required and have the patient, parent and dental team consider it has been a positive encounter

41
Q

What is the role of the parent in the child’s treatment?

A 
They decide:
When to bring child to the dentist
Which dentist they go to
What foods they eat
Preventative regime 
And they are required to give consent
42
Q

What is the role of the dentist in the child’s dental treatment?

A

They should be able to put young patients and their parents at ease
They should show interest in their problems
They should be able to help people relax
They should communicate effectively

43
Q

What is the role of the rest of the dental team in the child’s dental treatment?

A

Remember dental receptionist and dental nurse are the first people the parent and child encounter
Therefore first impressions are very important

44
Q

What are the implications for dentistry on the parent-child relationship?

A 
Parental perceptions are passed to the child 
Attitude to dental health 
Dietary habits 
Overprotective parents 
Parental anxiety is passed to the child
45
Q

What is the classification of co-operation?

A

Pre-cooperative
Potentially cooperative
Cooperative
Lacking cooperative ability

46
Q

How do you gain a child’s cooperation?

A 
Promote positive behaviour
Show interest in child as an individual 
Give well stated instructions 
Communicate at child’s level 
Focus on the positives 
Show ethnic, cultural and gender sensitivity 
Use stimulating visual distractors
Use verbal and non verbal communication 
Realistic and achievable treatment goals

Paediatric And Special Care Dentistry (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions