General dermatology Flashcards
How do you describe any skin lesion?
What is a flat lesion < 1cm and > 1cm called?
Macule < 1cm
Patch > 1cm
Describe the features of a macule and an example.
Describe the features of a patch.
- Flat lesion > 1cm
- Colour change
- Smooth surface
- Without elevation or depression
What is an elevated solid palpable lesion < 1cm and > 1cm called?
Papule < 1cm - solitary or multiple
Nodule > 1cm - primarily in dermis/subcutis
Name 3 lesions which contain fluid.
Vesicle - circumscribed elevation of skin 1cm or less in diameter, containing serous/haemorrhagic
Bulla - circumscribed elevation > 1cm in diameter, contains fluid
Pustule - visible accummulation of pus (white or yellow)
What is this?
Papilloma
What is an abscess vs wheal vs papilloma?
Abscess - localised collection of pus in a cavity, >1cm in diameter
Wheal - an elevated compressible fading area = dermal oedema
Papilloma - small projection from the skin
What is an elevated area of skin > 1cm in diameter without substantial depth called?
= plaque
What is shown?
Scale and fissuring
Define scale.
Flake of keratin arising from stratum corneum
Define crust.
Scale that consists of dried exudate on skin
e.g. blood or tissue fluid
Define fissure.
Slit in the skin
What score is used to assess pressure ulcers?
Waterlow score
Define ulcer.
Focal loss of entire epidermis and at least the upper part of the dermis has been lost.
Define scar.
Fibrous tissue as a result of healing.
Define atrophy.
Thinning of skin
What type of scar is this?
Hypertrophic scars
What type of scar is this?
Keloid scar
What are some different types of scale?
Acral - distal extremities
Koebnerisded - in areas of cutaneous injury
Blaschko lines - in tension lines, embryonic lines of normal cell development of the skin
How can you describe the shape of a skin lesion?
Nummular/discoid = round/coin-shaped
Linear/striate = linear shape like from scratching
Target = concentric rings (dartboard) AKA iris lesion
Gyrate = rash ‘whirling’ in a circle
Annular = lesions grouped in a circle
What are some different colour descriptions for skin?
- Carotenoderma
- Jaundice
- Hyperpigmentation
- Erythema
- Hypopigmentation
- Erythroderma
- Leukoderma
- Telangiectasia
- Infarcts
- Purpura
VITAMIN DEC
Vascular
Inflammation
Trauma
Autoimmune
Metabolic
Iatrogenic/idiopathic
Neoplastic
Degenerative
Endocrine
Contagious
What are some differentials for scale, papules and plaques?
Discoid lupus
Pityriasis rosea
Psoriasis
Discoid eczema
Secondary syphilis
What are some differentials for blisters?
Vescicular
- Varicella zoster
- Bullous impetigo
Immunobullous
- Bullous pemphigus
- Bullous pemphigoid
- Linear IgA disease
Metabolic/blistering - porphyria
Drug rash - bullous erythema multiforme
Give some examples of skin conditions in different body sites.
What are some skin conditions by shape?
