General dermatology

Question 1

How do you describe any skin lesion?

Answer 1

Question 2

What is a flat lesion < 1cm and > 1cm called?

Answer 2

Macule < 1cm
Patch > 1cm

Question 3

Describe the features of a macule and an example.

Answer 3

Question 4

Describe the features of a patch.

Answer 4

• Flat lesion > 1cm
• Colour change
• Smooth surface
• Without elevation or depression

Question 5

What is an elevated solid palpable lesion < 1cm and > 1cm called?

Answer 5

Papule < 1cm - solitary or multiple
Nodule > 1cm - primarily in dermis/subcutis

Question 6

Name 3 lesions which contain fluid.

Answer 6

Vesicle - circumscribed elevation of skin 1cm or less in diameter, containing serous/haemorrhagic
Bulla - circumscribed elevation > 1cm in diameter, contains fluid
Pustule - visible accummulation of pus (white or yellow)

Question 7

What is this?

Answer 7

Papilloma

Question 8

What is an abscess vs wheal vs papilloma?

Answer 8

Abscess - localised collection of pus in a cavity, >1cm in diameter
Wheal - an elevated compressible fading area = dermal oedema
Papilloma - small projection from the skin

Question 9

What is an elevated area of skin > 1cm in diameter without substantial depth called?

Answer 9

= plaque

Question 10

What is shown?

Answer 10

Scale and fissuring

Question 11

Define scale.

Answer 11

Flake of keratin arising from stratum corneum

Question 12

Define crust.

Answer 12

Scale that consists of dried exudate on skin
e.g. blood or tissue fluid

Question 13

Define fissure.

Answer 13

Slit in the skin

Question 14

What score is used to assess pressure ulcers?

Answer 14

Waterlow score

Question 15

Define ulcer.

Answer 15

Focal loss of entire epidermis and at least the upper part of the dermis has been lost.

Question 16

Define scar.

Answer 16

Fibrous tissue as a result of healing.

Question 17

Define atrophy.

Answer 17

Thinning of skin

Question 18

What type of scar is this?

Answer 18

Hypertrophic scars

Question 19

What type of scar is this?

Answer 19

Keloid scar

Question 20

What are some different types of scale?

Answer 20

Question 21

Answer 21

Acral - distal extremities
Koebnerisded - in areas of cutaneous injury
Blaschko lines - in tension lines, embryonic lines of normal cell development of the skin

Question 22

How can you describe the shape of a skin lesion?

Answer 22

Nummular/discoid = round/coin-shaped
Linear/striate = linear shape like from scratching
Target = concentric rings (dartboard) AKA iris lesion
Gyrate = rash ‘whirling’ in a circle
Annular = lesions grouped in a circle

Question 23

What are some different colour descriptions for skin?

Answer 23

• Carotenoderma
• Jaundice
• Hyperpigmentation
• Erythema
• Hypopigmentation
• Erythroderma
• Leukoderma
• Telangiectasia
• Infarcts
• Purpura

Question 24

VITAMIN DEC

Answer 24

Vascular
Inflammation
Trauma
Autoimmune
Metabolic
Iatrogenic/idiopathic
Neoplastic

Degenerative
Endocrine
Contagious

Question 25

What are some differentials for scale, papules and plaques?

Answer 25

Discoid lupus
Pityriasis rosea
Psoriasis
Discoid eczema
Secondary syphilis

Question 26

What are some differentials for blisters?

Answer 26

Vescicular

• Varicella zoster
• Bullous impetigo

Immunobullous

• Bullous pemphigus
• Bullous pemphigoid
• Linear IgA disease

Metabolic/blistering - porphyria
Drug rash - bullous erythema multiforme

Question 27

Give some examples of skin conditions in different body sites.

Answer 27

Question 28

What are some skin conditions by shape?

Answer 28