General Conformation

Question 1

Correct Head = (4)

Answer 1

proportionate, broad forehead w/large eyes @ corner of head, well set ears (& not overly large), symmetrical

Question 2

Wrong Head = (4)

Answer 2

overly large & coarse, deeply dished face, upper jaws extend past lower jaws, small eyes

Question 3

Correct Neck = (5)

Answer 3

cleanly defined throatlatch, flexible & graceful, slightly longer along crest, joins chest just above pnt of shoulder, ~ 1/3 overall length

Question 4

Wrong Neck = (5)

Answer 4

very narrow throatlatch, overly long, short, very low set, ewe neck

Question 5

How Many Teeth?

Answer 5

incisors (12), premolars & molars (24), canine/tushes (4), wolf (1-4)

Question 6

Define the Bars

Answer 6

upper surface of lower jawbones within interdental space

Question 7

Define Interdental Space

Answer 7

toothless between front teeth & premolars

Question 8

Wrong Mouth {flaws & symptoms} = (7)

Answer 8

parrot mouth (overshot jaw), undershot jaw, step mouth, wave mouth, abscessed tooth, bad breath, cribbing

Question 9

Wrong Withers = (2)

Answer 9

high, low (mutton)

Question 10

Wrong Back = (5)

Answer 10

overly short, long, long loins, sway back, roach back

Question 11

Wrong Chest = (4)

Answer 11

pigeon breasted, base wide, narrow, shallow

Question 12

Wrong shoulders = (2)

Answer 12

excessively straight & upright w/withers forward, short humerus

Question 13

Define Bog Spavin

Answer 13

inflammation in hock; unsightly/potential indicator of osteochondrosis (OCD)

Question 14

Define Bowed Tendon

Answer 14

digital flexor tendon & surrounding tissue stretch too far & rupture

Question 15

Conformation flaws associated w/bowed tendons (3)

Answer 15

long upright pasterns, long toe, low heel

Question 16

Define Capped Hock

Answer 16

cap-like protrusion cover pnt of hock from injury @ pnt of hock/damage to achilles tendon

Question 17

Cause of Capped Hocks

Answer 17

usually kicking stall/trailer

Question 18

Define Capped Elbow

Answer 18

cap-like protrusion over elbow that can lead to infection

Question 19

Potential Cause of Capped Elbows

Answer 19

shoe hitting elbow when lying down

Question 20

What are other names for Capped Elbow?

Answer 20

show boil, hygroma of elbow

Question 21

Potential cause of Cloudy Eyes

Answer 21

corneal ulcers, abrasions, burns

Question 22

Define Equine Recurrent Uveitis (ERU)

Answer 22

moon blindness/periodic ophthalmia; can cause cataracts

Question 23

Define Contracted Heels

Answer 23

narrow heels close by frog, usually in those w/chronic lameness (associate w/navicular syndrome)

Question 24

Causes Cracked Hooves

Answer 24

faulty conformation, poor trimming, dryness

Question 25

Define Curb

Answer 25

inflammation/tearing of plantar tarsal ligament @ back of hock; sickle-socked horses

Question 26

Cause of Curbs

Answer 26

sprinting; rear limbs slipping going up a steep hill

Question 27

Define a Dished Foot

Answer 27

hoof wall concaves in front from coronet band to toe

Question 28

Define Hoof Flares

Answer 28

steep on one side & flared on other --> unbalanced & bear least amnt of weight

Question 29

Cause of Hoof Flares

Answer 29

poor trimming, poor fit shoes, unbalanced leg & foot conformation

Question 30

Define Splints

Answer 30

hard, visible bumps along inside of cannon bone

Question 31

Define Thoroughpin

Answer 31

windpuff of achilles tendon behind hock --> chronic inflammation in tendon sheat above pnt of hock

Question 32

Define Interfering

Answer 32

hitting 1 against other

Question 33

Cause of interfering

Answer 33

toed out & base narrow

Question 34

Define Plaiting

Answer 34

moving as if on tightrope

Question 35

Cause of Plaiting

Answer 35

base narrow --> interfering

Question 36

Define Forging

Answer 36

hitting front foot w/toe of hind foot

Question 37

Define Overreaching

Answer 37

toes of hind foot grab heel of front foot --> injury

Question 38

Define Paddling

Answer 38

foot swings outward

Question 39

Where is paddling seen?

Answer 39

Pigeon toed horses

Question 40

Horses that paddle predispose them to what condition?

Answer 40

Ringbone

Question 41

Define Winging in

Answer 41

foot swings toward opposite leg

Question 42

Where can winging in can be seen causing what?

Answer 42

splayfooted horses; interfering, lameness, ringbone

Question 43

Wrong Hindquarters = (3)

Answer 43

Short croup, hunter's bump, 1 hip higher