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BLS review > General Concepts of Basic Life Support > Flashcards

General Concepts of Basic Life Support Flashcards

1
Q

these life-saving techniques based on the most current research are organized into a systematic response called

A

Chain of Survival

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2
Q

improves a person’s chance of surviving until advanced care becomes available

A

BLS

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3
Q

steps in Adult Chain of Survival

A

recognize sx and activate EMS (emergency medical service)

perform early CPR

defibrillate with AED

advanced life support

post-cardiac arrest care

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4
Q

pediatric chain of survival

A 
prevent arrest
perform early CPR
activate EMS
advanced life support
post-cardiac arrest care
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5
Q

emergencies in children are usually caused by

A

breathing problems that trigger cardiac arrest

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6
Q

the first and most important step of the Pediatric Chain of survival

A

prevention of arrest

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7
Q

Resuscitation research continues to show that _________ is increasing survival rates for hospital discharge

A

high-quality CPR

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8
Q

The characteristics that define high-quality compressions remain as pushing

A

hard and fast

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9
Q

CPR compression rate per minute

A

100-120 per minute

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10
Q

the increase in chest compressions (100-120/ minute instead of 100/minute) leads to

A

decrease CO due to incomplete cardiac filling during recoil

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11
Q

The 2015 guideline now defines the target depth for adult compressions to be between

A

2-2.4 inches (5-6 centimeters)

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12
Q

if the adult compressions are delivered beyond 2-2.4 inches (5-6 centimeters) this will result to

A

increased risk of resuscitation related injuries (rib fractures)

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13
Q

sequence of BLS for 2015 guideline

A

CAB = improved outcomes
Compressions
Airway
Breathing

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14
Q

ratio CPR: rescue breaths

for one rescuer CPR in all age groups

A

CPR 30
Rescue breaths 2

30:2

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15
Q

ratio CPR: rescue breaths
for two rescuer CPR
adult

A

same
CPR 30
Rescue breaths 2

30:2

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16
Q

ratio CPR: rescue breaths
for two rescuer CPR
in children + infants

A

15:2

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17
Q

are most valuable in saving a life

A

high-quality chest compressions

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18
Q

What is the intention of changing to CAV+B

A

encourage early CPR and avoid bystanders interpreting agonal breathing as signs of life and withholding CPR

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19
Q

Shallow breathing pattern that is often related to cardiac arrest and death

A

agonal breathing

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20
Q

High-quality CPR is key and consists of doing the following:

A
  • Start compressions w/in 10 seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest
  • Push hard and fast. Keep compression rate of at least 100 /minute for all persons.
  • Keep compression depth of between 2-2.4 inches for adults and (2 in, 1/3 of the depth of the chest) children, and about 1.5 inches (4 cm) for infants.
  • Allow complete chest recoil after each compression.
  • Minimize interruptions in CPR, except to use an AED or to change rescuer positions. -limit interruptions to less than 10 seconds

Give effective breaths that make the chest rise

• Avoid excessive ventilate.

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21
Q

is cricoid pressure routinely performed

A

no

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22
Q

Cricoid pressure

other name

A

Sellick maneuver

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23
Q

what is the intention of doing cricoid pressure

A

technique used in endotracheal intubation to reduce the risk of regurgitation

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24
Q

how is cricoid pressure performed

A

application of pressure to the cricoid cartilage at the neck, thus occluding the esophagus which passes directly behind it

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25
Q

how long should you feel for a pulse

A

10 sec

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26
Q

if a pulse is absent/ not sure you feel a pulse

A

begin compressions

27
Q

infant what type of defibrillator

A

manual

28
Q

what if a manual defibrillator is not avail

A

If not available, an AED with pediatric dose attenuator should be used for an infant. If an AED with dose attenuator is not available, then use an adult AED, even for an infant.

29
Q

after return of spontaneous circulation, all cardiac arrest victims receive

A

post-cardiac arrest care

30
Q

is a group of procedure rooms ina hospital or clinic where specialized equipment is used to evaluate the heart and the BV around the heart and in the lungs

A

cardiac catheterization suite or laboratory (cath lab)

31
Q

this procedure involves insertion of a catheter through an artery or vein into the heart to study the heart and its surrounding structures and fx

A

cardiac catherization

32
Q

chain of survival for an adult who has cardiac arrest in the hospital are

A

P - surveillance, prevention, and tx of prearrest conditions
RA - immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system
C - early CPR (emphasis on chest compressions)
D - rapid defibrillation
P - multidisciplinary post-cardiac arrest care

33
Q

successful outcome for a cardiac arrest victim out-of-hospital

A

early bystander CPR and rapid defibrillation in the first few minutes after the arrest

34
Q

chain of survival for an adult who has a cardiac arrest outside the hospital

A

immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and activation of the emergency response system

early CPR w/ emphasis on chest compressions

rapid defibrillation with an AED

effective advanced life support (rapid stabilization and transport to post-cardiac arrest care)

multidisciplinary post-cardiac arrest care

35
Q

initial support for IHCA

A

depends on an in-hospital system of appropriate surveillance, monitoring, and prevention with responsive primary provider teams

36
Q

initial support OHCA

A

depends on community and EMS providers for support

37
Q

IHCA

resuscitation teams

A

hospital departments

professional providers

38
Q

resuscitation teams

OHCA

A

lay rescuers - recognize ptx unresponsiveness, call for help, activate ERS, initiate CPR, use AED until team of EMS providers (transports ptx to ED and /or cath lab), before ptx transferred to ICU for continued care

39
Q

usual etiology of adult cardiac arrest

A

cardiac cause

40
Q

cardiac arrest in children is usually due to

A

shock and

respiratory failure

41
Q

this is added in the pediatric chain of survival

A

prevention of arrest

42
Q

pediatric chain of survival

A

prevention of arrest
early high-quality bystander CPR
rapid activation of the emergency response system
effective advanced life support (including rapid stabilization and transport to post-cardiac arrest care)
integrated post-cardiac arrest care

43
Q

occurs when the heart develops an abnormal rhythm and can’t pump blood

A

sudden cardiac arrest

44
Q

occurs when blood flow to part of the heart muscle is blocked

A

heart attack

45
Q

rhythm problem

A

cardiac arrest

46
Q

is a clot problem

A

heart attack

47
Q

within seconds the person becomes unresponsive, and is not breathing/ is only gasping

A

cardiac arrest

48
Q

its sign may appear immediately or last weeks or longer
severe discomfort in chest or other areas of the upper body

shortness of breath
cold sweats
n/v

A

heart attack

49
Q

heart attack can lead to

A

heart muscle damage

abnormal rhythm - sudden cardiac arrest

50
Q

heart attack s/x more likely in women

A

pain in the jaw, arms, back, or neck
light-headedness
n/v

51
Q

CPR skill

chest compressions only

A

hands-only CPR

52
Q

chest compressions + rescue breujaths

A

30:2 CPR

53
Q

high-performance team CPR skill

A

multirescuer coordinated CPR

54
Q

3 main components of CPR

A

chest compressions
airway
breathing

55
Q

signs of poor perfusion

A

cool extremities, decrease in responsiveness, weak pulses, paleness, mottling (patchy skin appearance), cyanosis

56
Q

position of the thumb and index fingers during bag mask ventilation

A

form a C to seal mask against the face

57
Q

position of the three remaining fingers during bag mask ventilation

A

form an E

lifting both sides of the jaw into the mask

58
Q

things to avoid with head tilt-chin lift

A

do not press deeply into soft tissue under the chin because it might block the airway

do not close the victim’s mouth completely

59
Q

this technique is used in placement of bag-mask ventilation

A

E-C clamp technique

60
Q

what to avoid during bag mask ventilation

A

do not press too hard on the mask because that could push the patient’s jaw down and block the airway

61
Q

when giving compressions, rescuers should switch compressors after every

A

2 minutes
5 cycles of CPR
or if fatigued

62
Q

if switching compressors, how many seconds to switch

A

less than 5 seconds to switch

63
Q

what should be done during compression, so that the rescuer providing breaths can anticipate when breaths will be given and when time for switch is approaching

A

compressor counts out loud

64
Q

is a lightweight, portable, computerized device that can identify an abnormal heart rhythm that needs a shock

A

automated external defibrillator

BLS review (4 decks)

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