General Chemistry Unit #4

Question 1

Polyatomic Ion

Answer 1

• an ion composed of more than one atom
• composed of multiple covalently bonded atoms

Question 2

Molecular vs Ionic

Answer 2

A “molecular” compound is formed when atoms share electrons through covalent bonds, typically between non-metals, while an “ionic” compound is formed when electrons are transferred between atoms, usually between a metal and a non-metal, creating positively and negatively charged ions that are attracted to each other

Question 3

Molecular

Answer 3

relating to or consisting of molecules.

Question 4

Ionic

Answer 4

type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound

Question 5

Covalent Bonding

Answer 5

creating bonds with other atoms

Question 6

Ionization

Answer 6

Gain or lose electrons (ion)

Question 7

Compound

Answer 7

Two or more atoms joined together by a strong force (bond)

Question 8

Covalent

Answer 8

Sharing of electrons

Question 9

Ionic

Answer 9

Attraction of charged ions

Question 10

Isoelectric

Answer 10

Two atoms, ions, or molecules that have the same electronic structure and same number of valence electrons (“equal electric charge”)

Question 11

Solution

Answer 11

Mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent

Question 12

Homogeneous

Answer 12

Uniform, dissolved solution

Question 13

Heterogeneous

Answer 13

(precipitate) The solute is visible, not dissolved solution

Question 14

Concentration

Answer 14

The ratio of solute to solvent

Question 15

Concentrated

Answer 15

more solute in the solution

Question 16

Dilute

Answer 16

Less solute in solution

Question 17

Dilution

Answer 17

Decreasing the concentration of a solution

Question 18

VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory)

Answer 18

electron pairs around a central atom will arrange themselves as far apart as possible to minimize repulsion, resulting in a specific molecular shape like linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, or bent.

Question 19

Linear

Answer 19

a molecular structure where atoms are arranged in a straight line, with a bond angle of 180 degrees between them

Question 20

Bent

Answer 20

a molecular shape where the central atom has two bonded atoms and two lone pairs of electrons, resulting in a V-shaped or angular arrangement,

Question 21

Trigonal Planar

Answer 21

a molecule where a central atom is bonded to three other atoms, arranged in a flat plane around the central atom, forming a triangular shape with bond angles of 120 degrees between each atom

Question 22

Tetrahedral

Answer 22

a molecule where a central atom is surrounded by four substituents, positioned at the corners of a tetrahedron, resulting in bond angles of approximately 109.5 degrees between each substituent

Question 23

Dipole-Dipole

Answer 23

an attractive force that occurs between polar molecules, where the partially positive end of one molecule is attracted to the partially negative end of another molecule

Question 24

London dispersion

Answer 24

the weakest type of intermolecular force that occurs between all molecules, arising from temporary fluctuations in electron distribution, creating momentary positive and negative poles that attract nearby molecules

Question 25

Strong Acid

Answer 25

Completely dissociates in water - only ions remain

Question 26

Weak Acid

Answer 26

Partially dissociates (ionizes)

Question 27

Non polar covalent bond

Answer 27

No difference in electronegativity

Question 28

Polar covalent bond

Answer 28

Difference in electronegativity

Question 29

Polar molecular requirements

Answer 29

1) Contains polar bonds
2) Uneven e- sharing for whole molecule (molecular dipole) -sum of bonds

Question 30

Determining steps of a polar molecule

Answer 30

1) Lewis Dot Structure (2D)
2) Molecular Structure (3D)
3) Identify Polar Bonds
4) Find (if there) molecular dipole

Question 31

Hydrophobic

Answer 31

Water-fearing (nonpolar)

Question 32

Hydrophilic

Answer 32

Water-loving (polar)

Question 33

Phospholipids

Answer 33

Bilayers based hydrophobicity “like attracts like”

Question 34

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 34

Interaction of partial positive [(S+) on H] [Donor] and [partial negative charge (S-) on O, N, F] [Acceptor]