General Chemistry Content Flashcards
atom
smallest unit of an element
molecule
atom bonded to at least one other atom
ion
atom that has lost or gained an electron
diatomic elements
H2
N2
O2
F2
Cl2
Br2
I2
allotropes
elemental molecules with different formulas (O2, O3)
Ionic compounds
metal and non metal
- can be polyatomic too
molecular compounds
two or more nonmetals
how to name an ionic compound:
- Name the metal
- Write the metals oxidation state as a Roman numeral in parenthesis
- Name the nonmetal using an “ide” ending
ex. Iron (II) chloride = FeCl2
how to name a molecular compound:
- give the appropriate numerical prefix to the first element
- name the first element using its regular name on the periodic table
- give the appropriate numerical prefix to the second element
- name the nonmetal using an “ide” ending
ex. dinitrogen monoxide, N2O
how to name binary acids:
- hydro-
- insert the name of element 2, replacing “-ine” with “-ic acid”
ex. hydrochloric acid, HCl
how to name oxyacids:
HClO- hypochlorous acid
HClO2- chlorous acid
HClO3- chloric acid
HClO4- perchloric acid
1005 sig. figs
4
7.03 sig figs
3
0.02 sig figs
1
0.0026 sig figs
2
0.0200 sig figs
3
3.0 sig figs
2
significant figure rules:
- zero between nonzero digits are always significant
- zeros at the start of a number are never significant
- zeros at the end of a number are significant only if the zeroes are after the decimal point
percent error calculations
(actual - theoretical) / (theoretical) x 100
beer-lambert law
absorbance= Ecl
E= molar extinction coefficient ( molar absorptivity)
c= samples concentration
I= path length ( distance between light source and detector in a spectrophotometer)
