GENERAL CHEMISTRY

Question 1

Proton

Answer 1

Found in Nucleus. Mass around 1 amu. Positive charge. Equal to atomic # on period table.

Question 2

Neutron

Answer 2

Found in nucleus. Neutral. Mass around 1 amu

Question 3

Electron

Answer 3

Found in orbitals. Negative charge. Negligible mass

Question 4

Atomic #

Answer 4

Atomic #= # protons in a given element

Question 5

Mass #

Answer 5

sum of elements protons and neurons

Question 6

Atomic mass

Answer 6

essentially equal to mass #

Question 7

Isotopes

Answer 7

Atoms of given element that have different mass #. EX: Carbon -12, Carbon-13, Carbon-14

Question 8

Atomic weight

Answer 8

Weighted average of isotopes

Question 9

Bohr’s model of the atom

Answer 9

States positive change nucleus is surrounded by electrons moving around in orbits with different energy levels

Question 10

A photon emission happens when

Answer 10

Electron goes from high state to lower state. E=hf

Question 11

A photon absorption happens when

Answer 11

electron goes from lower state to higher state. E=hf

Question 12

Quantum numbers

Answer 12

n: average E in a shell
l: sub shells within given principal E level(S, p, d and f)
m_l: specifies orbital within sub shell
m_s: indicates spin orientation

Question 13

Paramagnetic

Answer 13

materials have unpaired electrons

Question 14

diamagnetic

Answer 14

materials have paired electrons

Question 15

Valence Electrons

Answer 15

are those electrons located on outermost shell.

Question 16

Row on Period table of elements

Answer 16

AKA periods, horizontal. Based on same principle E levels

Question 17

Columns

Answer 17

AKA groups. Columns. Vertical. Elements in shame group have same valence electrons

Question 18

Metals

Answer 18

Located on left of period table. Lustrous(shiny), good conductors, malleable

Question 19

non metals

Answer 19

located on right side of table. Dull, poor conductors, brittle

Question 20

Metalloid

Answer 20

Possess characters of both metals and non metals are found in stair step pattern starting with boron

Question 21

Alkali metals

Answer 21

Group Group I. +1 oxidation state. Prefer to lose an electron to achieve noble gas configuration.Reactive with water.

Question 22

Alkaline Earth metals

Answer 22

Group 2. Oxidation state +2, can loose 2 electrons to achieve nobel gas configuration

Question 23

Chalcogens

Answer 23

Group 16. Oxidation states -2 or +6 in order to achieve Nobel gas configurations. Very biologically important. EX: Oxygen

Question 24

Halogens

Answer 24

Group 17. Oxidation state -1 prefer to gain and electron to achieve noble gas configuration. These have highest electronegativities

Question 25

Nobel gases

Answer 25

Group 18. Fully filled valence and prefer not to give up electrons. High ionizations energy, virtually nonexistent electronegativities and affinities.

Question 26

Transition metals

Answer 26

Group 3-12. Many oxidations states. Form colorful complexes with nonmetals.