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Certified Associate Project Management > General CAPM > Flashcards

General CAPM Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a project?

A

A temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.

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2
Q

What is the definition of operations?

A

Ongoing activities that produce repetitive outputs, such as goods or services, to sustain the business.

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3
Q

How does the duration of a project differ from operations?

A

A project is temporary, with a defined start and end. Operations are ongoing and do not have a fixed end date.

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4
Q

What is the primary purpose of a project?

A

To achieve a specific goal or deliverable, often driving change or creating something new.

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5
Q

What is the primary purpose of operations?

A

To maintain and sustain business functionality, focusing on efficiency and consistency.

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6
Q

What type of output does a project produce?

A

Unique deliverables such as a product, service, or result.

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7
Q

What type of output do operations produce?

A

Repetitive outputs like routine services or manufactured goods.

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8
Q

How are resources managed in a project?

A

Resources are allocated temporarily to complete the project and are released once the project ends.

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9
Q

How are resources managed in operations?

A

Resources are permanently assigned to ensure the continuous execution of operational activities.

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10
Q

How is the scope of a project defined?

A

A project has a clearly defined scope that is managed and adjusted as needed throughout the project lifecycle.

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11
Q

How is the scope of operations defined?

A

Operations have a broader, more consistent scope focused on maintaining existing processes.

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12
Q

How is success measured in a project?

A

Success is determined by whether the project meets its specific objectives, deliverables, and timeline.

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13
Q

How is success measured in operations?

A

Success is measured by the efficiency and consistency of ongoing processes.

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14
Q

How does a project handle change?

A

Projects often introduce change and adapt to achieve their objectives.

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15
Q

How do operations handle change?

A

Operations focus on stability and minimize changes to maintain consistency.

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16
Q

What are examples of projects?

A

Developing a new product, implementing a new software system, or constructing a building.

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17
Q

What are examples of operations?

A

Manufacturing goods, processing payroll, or managing customer service.

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18
Q

How is the team structure different in projects versus operations?

A

Project teams are temporary and disband after project completion. Operational teams are permanent and focus on ongoing tasks.

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19
Q

What is a project?

A

-Temporary effort
-Agile
-responsive to change
-focused on specific goals

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20
Q

What is a program?

A

-Group of realted projects that work towards a common objective.
-Multiple projects with interdependencies.
-Larger scope than a single project
-Longer timeline

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21
Q

What is a portfolio?

A

-Collection of projects, programs, and operations that align with strategic objectives
-Broad scope that encompasses all work within an organization
-Used to manage and prioritize projects and programs

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22
Q

Summation of Projects, Program, and Portoflios

Q1: What defines a project in project management?

Q2: What defines a program in project management?

Q3: What defines a portfolio in project management?

A

A1: A project is temporary, focused on achieving specific goals and deliverables.

A2: A program consists of multiple projects with common objectives and a larger scope.

A3: A portfolio is a collection of work, including programs and projects, aligned with strategic objectives and a broad scope.

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23
Q

Advantages of Projects, Programs, and Portfolios

Q1: What are the advantages of a project?

Q2: What are the advantages of a program?

Q3: What are the advantages of a portfolio?

A

A1: Projects are agile, responsive to change, and focused on specific goals.

A2: Programs are efficient, cost-effective, and enable coordination of multiple projects.

A3: Portfolios ensure strategic alignment with long-term goals and manage work with a broad scope.

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24
Q

Disadvantages of Projects, Programs, and Portfolios

Q1: What are the disadvantages of a project?

Q2: What are the disadvantages of a program?

Q3: What are the disadvantages of a portfolio?

A

A1: Projects can be risky, have potential for failure, and are limited in scope.

A2: Programs are complex, face challenges in coordination, and often have longer timelines.

A3: Portfolios can be difficult to manage, may struggle with aligning to changing priorities, and cover a broad scope.

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25
Q

What is a predictive project in project management?

A

Also known as a waterfall project, is a structured approach where the scope, time, and cost are determined early in the project lifecycle.

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26
Q

What are the advantages of predictive projects?

A

Clear structure and documentation.

Well-defined scope and deliverables.

Easier to track progress against the plan.

Ideal for projects with stable and predictable requirements.

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27
Q

What are the disadvantages of predictive projects?

A

Inflexibility to adapt to changes.

High risk if requirements are misunderstood or change later.

Less suited for innovative or fast-changing environments.

28
Q

What are key features of predictive projects?

A

Sequential phases (e.g., Initiation, Planning, Execution, Closure).

Heavy reliance on detailed upfront planning.

Minimal customer involvement during execution phases.

29
Q

What types of projects are best suited for predictive methods?

A

Construction projects, infrastructure development, or projects with fixed and well-understood requirements.

30
Q

What is an adaptive project in project management?

A

Also known as an agile project, uses iterative and flexible processes to accommodate changing requirements and deliver value incrementally.

31
Q

What are the advantages of adaptive projects?

A

Highly flexible and responsive to change.

Delivers incremental value throughout the project.

Encourages frequent collaboration with stakeholders.

Improves customer satisfaction by adapting to evolving needs.

32
Q

What are the disadvantages of adaptive projects?

A

Requires high levels of stakeholder engagement.

Difficult to predict timelines and costs precisely.

May lack structure for teams unfamiliar with agile methodologies.

33
Q

What are key features of adaptive projects?

A

Iterative cycles (e.g., sprints in Scrum).

Continuous stakeholder involvement.

Flexibility to adapt scope, timeline, and deliverables.

Focus on delivering usable increments frequently.

34
Q

What types of projects are best suited for adaptive methods?

A

Software development, research and development, or projects with uncertain or rapidly changing requirements.

35
Q

What is the Waterfall method in project management?

A

It is a linear and sequential project management approach where each phase depends on the deliverables of the previous phase.

36
Q

What are the advantages of the Waterfall method?

A

Clear structure and well-defined phases.

Easy to track progress against milestones.

Suitable for projects with fixed requirements.

37
Q

What are the disadvantages of the Waterfall method?

A

Inflexibility to adapt to changes during execution.

High risk if initial requirements are incomplete or incorrect.

Not ideal for dynamic or evolving projects.

38
Q

What are the key features of the Waterfall method?

A

Phases are sequential: Requirements → Design → Implementation → Testing → Deployment → Maintenance.

Progress flows in one direction, like a waterfall.

39
Q

What types of projects are best suited for the Waterfall method?

A

Construction, manufacturing, and other projects with clear, fixed requirements.

40
Q

What is the Scrum method in project management?

A

It is an agile framework that uses iterative cycles, called sprints, to deliver value incrementally and adapt to changing requirements.

41
Q

What are the advantages of the Scrum method?

A

Encourages collaboration and frequent communication.

Provides flexibility to adapt to changing priorities.

Focuses on delivering usable increments quickly.

Improves transparency and accountability through regular reviews.

42
Q

What are the disadvantages of the Scrum method?

A

Requires a high level of commitment from team members.

Success depends on experienced Scrum roles (e.g., Scrum Master).

May lack structure for teams unfamiliar with agile principles.

43
Q

What are the key features of the Scrum method?

A

Iterative cycles called sprints (usually 2–4 weeks long).

Roles include Product Owner, Scrum Master, and Development Team.

Regular ceremonies like sprint planning, daily stand-ups, and sprint reviews.

Deliverables are prioritized in a product backlog.

44
Q

What types of projects are best suited for the Scrum method?

A

Software development, research projects, and projects with rapidly evolving requirements.

45
Q

What is project risk in project management?

A

It refers to an uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, can positively or negatively impact project objectives like scope, schedule, cost, or quality.

46
Q

What are the types of project risks?

A

Positive Risks (Opportunities): Risks that can lead to beneficial outcomes, such as finishing early or under budget.

Negative Risks (Threats): Risks that can harm the project, like delays or cost overruns.

47
Q

What are the key components of risk management?

A

Identifying risks.

Performing qualitative and quantitative risk analysis.

Developing risk response plans.

Monitoring and controlling risks throughout the project lifecycle.

48
Q

How can risks be managed effectively?

A

Use a risk register to document and track risks.

Develop contingency and mitigation plans.

Engage stakeholders to identify and assess risks early.

Regularly review and update the risk management plan.

49
Q

What is project scope in project management?

A

It refers to the detailed set of deliverables or features of a project, defining the work that needs to be accomplished.

50
Q

Why is project scope important?

A

It establishes boundaries for the project, ensures stakeholder alignment, and helps manage expectations.

51
Q

What does project scope typically include?

A

Project objectives.
Deliverables.
Boundaries.
Acceptance criteria.
Constraints and assumptions.

52
Q

What is Product Integration Management in Project Management?

A

It involves coordinating and combining all project components and deliverables into a cohesive, functional product or system. It ensures that individual project elements align with project goals and work seamlessly together.

53
Q

What are the Key Elements of Product Integration Management:

A

Key Elements:
1. Integration Planning: Developing a strategy to integrate components throughout the project lifecycle.

  1. Change Control: Managing changes to ensure consistent alignment between components.
  2. System Testing: Validating that integrated components meet functional and performance requirements.
  3. Risk Management: Identifying and mitigating risks associated with integration.
  4. Stakeholder Coordination: Ensuring collaboration among teams and stakeholders involved in various components.
54
Q

Why is Product Integration Management important?

A

All components function as intended.

Project objectives and deliverables are met.

Risks of system failures or misalignments are minimized.

55
Q

What is a Project Charter?

A

A formal document that authorizes a project and provides a high-level roadmap of objectives, scope, stakeholders, and responsibilities.

56
Q

What are the Key Steps in Developing a Project Charter?

A
  1. Identify Project Purpose: Define the problem or opportunity the project addresses.
  2. Define Objectives and Goals: Clearly outline what the project intends to achieve.
  3. Determine Scope: Establish the boundaries of the project, including deliverables and exclusions.
  4. List Key Stakeholders: Identify individuals or groups affected by or influencing the project.
  5. Assign Project Roles: Designate the project manager and team members.
  6. Set High-Level Requirements: Document key requirements and constraints.
  7. Outline Milestones and Schedule: Provide a preliminary timeline and key deliverables.
  8. Identify Risks and Assumptions: Highlight potential risks and any assumptions made.
  9. Gain Approval: Obtain signatures or approval from sponsors and stakeholders.
57
Q

Why is a Project Charter Important?

A

It is important because it:

Provides clear authority and alignment for the project.

Acts as a reference document for the project team and stakeholders.

Ensures shared understanding of project goals and boundaries.

58
Q

What is the first step in developing a Project Charter?

A

Identify Project Purpose: Define the problem or opportunity the project addresses, ensuring alignment with organizational goals.

59
Q

What comes after identifying the project purpose?

A

Define Objectives and Goals: Clearly outline what the project intends to achieve, including measurable outcomes.

60
Q

Why is defining the scope important in a Project Charter?

A

Define Scope: Establish the boundaries of the project, specifying what is included and excluded to prevent scope creep and ensure clarity.

61
Q

How do stakeholders factor into the Project Charter?

A

List Key Stakeholders: Identify individuals or groups affected by or influencing the project. Include their roles and expectations.

62
Q

Why is assigning project roles a key step in developing a Project Charter?

A

Assigning roles, such as the project manager and team members, ensures accountability and clarifies responsibilities.

63
Q

What role do high-level requirements play in a Project Charter?

A

Set High-Level Requirements: Document critical needs and constraints to provide a foundation for detailed planning and execution.

64
Q

Why is outlining milestones and schedules important in a Project Charter?

A

It provides a preliminary timeline and key deliverables, helping stakeholders understand project progress expectations.

65
Q

How are risks and assumptions handled in a Project Charter?

A

Identify Risks and Assumptions: Highlight potential risks and outline assumptions made to manage expectations and prepare for uncertainties.

66
Q

What is the final step in developing a Project Charter?

A

Gain Approval: Obtain signatures or formal approval from sponsors and key stakeholders to authorize the project officially.

67
Q
A

Certified Associate Project Management (4 decks)

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