General Bone Feature (Terminology continued)

Question 1

Process

Answer 1

-a bony prominance. The mastoid process forms the prominence behind the ear.

Question 2

Eminence

Answer 2

• a bony projection, usually not as prominent as a process. the articular eminence of the temporal bone is the rounded area with which the mandibular condyle articulates during chewing.

Question 3

Spine

Answer 3

• Generally a longer, thinner, sharper process than an eminence. Vertebral spines are used in the identifition of various vertebrae.

Question 4

Tuberosity

Answer 4

• A large, usually rugose (roughened) eminence of variable shape; often a site of tendon or ligament attachement. The deltoid tuberosity marks the shaft of the humerous.

Question 5

Tubercle

Answer 5

• a small, usually rugose eminence; often a site of tendon or ligament attachment. the conoid tubercle is found along the inferior edge of the clavicle.

Question 6

Trochanters

Answer 6

• two large, prominent, blunt, rugose processes found on the femur. The larger of these is called the greater trochanter, the smaller is the lesser trochanter.

Question 7

Malleolus

Answer 7

• a rounded protuberance adjacent to the ankle joint. it is easy to palpate (examine by touch) both lateral and medial malleoli.

Question 8

Boss

Answer 8

• a smooth, round, broad eminence. female skulls tend to show more bossing of the frontal bone than those of males.

Question 9

Articulation

Answer 9

• an area where adjacent bones are in contact (via cartilage of fibrous tissue) at a joint.

Question 10

Condyle

Answer 10

• a rounded articular process. the occipital condyle lie on the base of the cranium and articulate with the uppermost vertebrae, the atlas.

Question 11

Epicondyle

Answer 11

• a nonarticular projection adjacent to a condyle. The lateral epicondyle of the humerus is located just proximal to the elbow, adjacent to the lateral condylar surface.

Question 12

Head

Answer 12

• a large, rounded , usually artiuclar end of a bone. The head of the humerus is the superior (proximal) end of the bone.

Question 13

Shaft or Diaphysis

Answer 13

• the long, strait section between the ends of a long bone. The femoral shaft is roughly circular in cross section.

Question 14

Epiphysis

Answer 14

• in general usage, usually the end portion or extremity of a long bone that is expanded for articulation. The proximal epiphysis of the tibia is the expanded end of the bone that articulates with the femur.

Question 15

Neck

Answer 15

• The section of a bone between the head and the shaft. The neck of the femur is long relative to the size of the femoral head in some early hominids.

Question 16

Torus

Answer 16

• a boney thickening. The supraorbital torus on some Homo erectus frontal bones is very thick.

Question 17

Ridge

Answer 17

• A linear bony elevation, often roughened. The lateral supracondylar ridge of the humerus borders the bone above the lateral epicondyle.

Question 18

Crest

Answer 18

• a prominent, usually sharp and thin ridge of bone; often formed between adjacent muscle masses. the Sagittal crest is a structure that forms during the development of large temporalis muscles in the gorilla.

Question 19

Line

Answer 19

• a raised linear surface, not as thick as a torus or as sharp as a crest. The inferior temporal lines mark the superior extent of the temporalis muscles.

Question 20

Hamulus

Answer 20

• a hook-shaped projection. The hamulus of the wrist’s hamate bone gives the bone its name.

Question 21

Facet

Answer 21

• a small articular surface, or a tooth contact. bodies of the thoracic vertebrae have facets for articulation with the heads of the ribs. Occlusal facets form on the chewing surfaces of the teeth shortly after crown eruption.