General Biology 2

Question 1

• first stage of cell division
• makes identical body cells like skin cells and stomach cells
• ______ is important for growth and for repair of damage or to replace worn out cells

Answer 1

Mitosis

Question 2

• ______ is called reduction division because of having a starting cell that has 46 chromosomes
  and ending cells which is the sperm and egg cells that has 23 chromosomes.
• a process that contributes to genetic variety
• it makes sperm and egg cells otherwise known as gametes
• before ______ the first happens is interphase

Answer 2

Meiosis

Question 3

in between process, is when the cell starts growing, dna is replicating and carrying
out the cell process

Answer 3

Interphase

Question 4

longest phase take up of 50% to 60% where chromosomes are going to condense
and thicken

Answer 4

Prophase

Question 5

chromosomes are going to be align at the middle of the cell

Answer 5

Metaphase

Question 6

• chromosomes are pulled away because of spindle fibers

Answer 6

Anaphase

Question 7

• chromosomes completely separated and you have two newly formed nuclei ending
  with two cells

Answer 7

Telophase

Question 8

• second stage of cell division, responsible for the final separation into cells by
  splitting the cytoplasm which completes after the pmat.

Answer 8

Cytokinesis

Question 9

during this phase cells grows physically larger, copies organelles

Answer 9

G1-phase

Question 10

• cells grows more, makes proteins and organelles and begins to recognize its
  content in preparation for mitosis begins

Answer 10

G2-phase

Question 11

are the regions of dna where the sister chromatids are most tightly connected

Answer 11

Centromeres

Question 12

the two pole

Answer 12

Centriole

Question 13

is where centriole attach and the one who pulled the chromosomes away

Answer 13

Spindle

Question 14

• identical copies of piece of DNA using restriction enzymes

Answer 14

DNA Cloning

Question 15

cuts the dna/gene that you clone

Answer 15

Restriction Enzyme

Question 16

• is a piece of genetic material that sits outside of the chromosomes but it can
  reproduce along or replicate itself, _____ tends to be circular dna

Answer 16

Plasmid

Question 17

• is to connect the backbone in the plasmids it helps to do the pasting

Answer 17

DNA ligase

Question 18

a type of organism (bacteria) it is typically use

Answer 18

E. Coli

Question 19

• is when you apply this some of that bacteria is going to take in the plasmid

Answer 19

Heat Shock

Question 20

a biotechnology, it provides a way to make more copies of a
portion of DNA, it doesn’t need to happen in cell, it can happen in test tube

Answer 20

Polymerase chain reaction (pcr)

Question 21

helps dna polymerase, a building enzyme know when to go starting

Answer 21

Primers

Question 22

• used often a heat resistant type of DNA polymerase as pcr uses heat

Answer 22

DNA Polymerase

Question 23

a type of heat resistant dna polymerase

Answer 23

Taq Polymerase

Question 24

• is originally from a type of bacteria that can handle and live in really high temperatures in
  nature in hot springs

Answer 24

Taq

Question 25

involves the addition of heat needed to separate the two strands of dna molecule

Answer 25

DENATURATION

Question 26

two dna strands that now have been separated by that heat are going to be cooled and be joined by the primers, the temperature for this should allow the primers to bind to the specific segment of dna that you want to amplify which means makes copied of

Answer 26

ANNEALING

Question 27

going to make more copies of dna and dna polymerase will begin to work on both of these strands and it will use the dna nucleotides as its building material to amplify dna, the temperature may be a little warmer than the previous

Answer 27

DNA SYNTHESIS

Question 28

pcr test there is rt because this virus uses rna as its genetic material instead of dna and you have to use enzyme called reverse transcriptase to convert rna to dna

Answer 28

Real Time reverse transcription

Question 29

6 steps of Recombinant DNA:

Answer 29

1.Isolating genetic material 2. Restriction enzyme digestion 3. Use pcr for amplification 4. Ligation of DNA molecules 5. Inserting the recombinant DNA into a host 6. Isolation of recombinant cells