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2nd QUARTER MIDTERMS > GENERAL BIOLOGY > Flashcards

GENERAL BIOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

theory of evolution that suggests the early Earth had an environment containing essential components for life.

A

PRIMORDIAL SOUP

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2
Q

what is the idea of primodial soup?

A

COMPLEX OPRGANIC MOLECULES EMERGED AND PROVIDES THE ORIGIN OF LIFE

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3
Q

organic compounds composed of amino acids

A

PROTEINS

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4
Q

what binds amino acids ?

A

PEPTIDE BONDS

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5
Q

building blocks of proteins?

A

AMINO ACIDS

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6
Q

what are amino acids composed of ?

A

CENTRAL CARBON ATOM , AMINO GROUP, CARBOXYL GROUP AND R GROUP

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7
Q

sequence of chain of amino acids

A

PRIMARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE

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8
Q

local folding of the polypeptide chain into helices or sheets

A

SECONDARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE

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9
Q

3d folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions

A

TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE

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10
Q

protein consisting of more than one amino acid

A

QUATERNARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE

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11
Q

proteins that help catalyze chemical reaction

A

ENZYMES

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12
Q

scaffold to support and position active site

A

PROTEIN STRUCTURE

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13
Q

bind and orient substance

A

BINDING SITES

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14
Q

reduce chemical activation energy

A

CATALYTIC SITE

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15
Q

how lock and key model works

A

FIT AND MEANT TOGETHER

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16
Q

how induced fit model works

A

ENZYME ADJUSTS FOR THE SUBSTRATE

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17
Q

losing electrons

A

OXIDATION ( REDUCING AGENT )

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18
Q

gaining electrons

A

REDUCTION ( OXIDIZING AGENT )

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19
Q

zinc anode

A

OXIDATION

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20
Q

copper cathode

A

REDUCTION

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21
Q

when too much substrate

A

LOW CHEMICAL REACTION

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22
Q

when less substrate and more enzyme

A

HIGH CHEMICAL REACTION

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23
Q

what happens when high temperature affects enzymes?

A

DENATURES

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24
Q

what happens when extreme ph values

A

DENATURES

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25
Q

certain molecule scan inhibit enzyme activity competitive inhibitor compete with the substarte for active site

A

INHIBITORS

26
Q

organic molecule used for short term energy storage and transport in cell

A

ATP / ADENINE TRIPHOSPHASTE

27
Q

all of chemical reaction occuring in a cell

A

METABOLISM

28
Q

from large complex to small simple sample

A

CATABOLIC REACTION

29
Q

from simple sample to large sample

A

ANABOLIC REACTION

30
Q

what are the first law of thermodynamics

A

ENERGY CANNOT BE CREATED NOR DESTROYED CAN BE CONVERTED OR TRANSDUCED

31
Q

what are the second law of thermodynamics

A

IN ANY ENERGY TRANSFORMATION THERE IS A LESSER AVAILABILITY OF ENERGY TO DO ADDITIONAL WORK

32
Q

the loss of energy in process is a result of tendency for randomness or disorder

A

ENTROPY

33
Q

if outside and reaction is spontaneous

A

EXERGONIC

34
Q

if inside and reaction is not spontaneous

A

ENDERGONIC

35
Q

what is highly negative in ATP

A

HYDROLYSIS

36
Q

what happens when ATP is broken

A

ENERGY IS RELEASED AND FORMS ADP

37
Q

what happens when ADP binds

A

ENERGY IS STORED AND FORMS ATP

38
Q

what is the capacity to do work

A

ENERGY

39
Q

not able to make their own food

A

HETEROTROPHS

40
Q

able to make their own food

A

AUTOTROPHS

41
Q

process of converting suns energy into chemical eneergy in the form of sugar or carbohydrate

A

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

42
Q

organelle containing the pigment chlorophyll that absorbs light?

A

CHLOROPLAST

43
Q

what is the two stages of photosynthesis

A

LIGHT DEPENDENT REACTION AND LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTION

44
Q

it requires photons from lights and takes lace in thylakoids

A

LIGHT DEPENENT REACTION

45
Q

it does not require light and takes place in the stroma

A

LIGHT INDEPENDENT REACTION

46
Q

takes place in the mitochondria for both animal and plant cell.

A

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

47
Q

involves sugar and oxygen reacting to produce carbon dioxide water and energy in the form of atp

A

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

48
Q

light from the sun is absorbed by colorful compounds

A

PIGMENTS

49
Q

carry out light reaction

A

THYLAKOID DISC

50
Q

carry out dark reaction

A

STROMA

51
Q

absorbs green

A

CHLOROPHYLL

52
Q

why does plants look green?

A

THEY HAVE LOTS OF CHLOROPHYLL

53
Q

number of waves that pass a certain point per second

A

FREQUENCY

54
Q

structurally only slightly different from chlorophyll A but its absorption spectrum is somewaht different

A

CHLOROPHYLL B

55
Q

absorbs m ore blue and orange red and looks yellowish green

A

CHLOROPHYLL B

56
Q

they absorb light from violet to the greenish blue range

A

CAROTENOIDS

57
Q

appear in yellow and yellow orange to our eyes

A

CAROTENOIDS

58
Q

do not participate in photosynthesis and may appear red , purple or blue

A

ANTHOCYANISIS

59
Q

occurs in higher plants and give colors to flowers

A

ANTHOCYANISIS

60
Q

pass along along light energy to chlorophyll A and act as antioxidants.

A

XANTHOPHYLLS

61
Q

what gives the xanthophylss the ability to accept or damage electrons

A

MOLECULAR STRUCTURE

62
Q

what does xanthophylls pigment produce?.

A

YELLOW COLORS AS IN FALL LEAVES

2nd QUARTER MIDTERMS (9 decks)

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