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RUSVM Bacteriology Exam 1 Fun > General Bacteriology > Flashcards

General Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

List properties of prokaryotic cells

A

No Nucleus, Membrane bound organelles, plasma membrane, cytoskeleton or meiosis. Small diameter
Chemically complex cell wall
Single circular chromosomes
Binary fission

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2
Q

What class of cells are bacteria under?

A

Prokaryotes

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3
Q

What are 3 exceptions to bacterial properties?

A
  1. Mollicutes (Mycoplasma) does not have a cell wall
  2. Leptospira has two circular chromosomes
  3. Borrelia burgdorferi has linear chromosomes
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4
Q

What is a unique component about the bacteria cell?

A

Contains Peptidoglycan

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5
Q

What is a unique cell wall component of Gram + bacteria?

A

Lipteichoic acid (for antigenicity)

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6
Q

What is a unique cell wall component of Gram - Bacteria?

A

Outer membrane containing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (Virulence factor)

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7
Q

What is a unique cell wall component of mycobacteria?

A

Mycolic acid (Virulence Factor) - Considered gram + bacteria

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8
Q

What is unique about LPS?

A

Contains a lipid A component that can activate immune system and exert harmful effects on host polysaccharide component and contributes to antigenicity

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9
Q

What is a gram + stain?

A

Crystal violet because of thick peptidoglycan layer

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10
Q

What is a gram - stain?

A

Picks up safranin because of think peptidoglycan layer

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11
Q

Acid fast staining is due to the presence of what?

A

Mycolic acid

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12
Q

What is an acid fast + organism?

A

Pink (retains carbol fuschin) because of mycolic acid

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13
Q

What is acid fast - organism?

A

Blue (decolorized) because of lack of mycelia acid

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14
Q

What kind of cell wall do acid fast + bacteria have?

A

Gram + cell wall

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15
Q

What 3 things can measure bacterial growth?

A
  1. Colony
  2. Turbidimetry
  3. Flow Cytometry
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16
Q

What kind of bacteria require oxygen for growth?

A
  1. Aerobic
  2. Microaerophillic
  3. Capnophillic
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17
Q

What kind of bacteria not require oxygen for growth?

A
  1. Obligate anaerobe
  2. Aerotolerant
  3. Anaerobe
18
Q

What kind of bacteria don’t require oxygen but can still utilize it for growth?

A

Facultative Anaerobe

19
Q

Can bacterial structures enhance the virulence of bacteria?

A

Yes

20
Q

Do the presence or absence of bacterial structures facilitate the ID of bacteria?

A

Yes

21
Q

What is the function of flagella?

A

Locomotion or motility

22
Q

What is the function of Fimbriae or pili?

A

Adherence

23
Q

What is the importance of a capsule?

A

Outer covering that helps bacteria evade phagocytosis

24
Q

What contain endoflagella/axial filaments?

A

Spirochetes

25
Q

What advantage do spores give bacteria?

A

Help bacteria (Gram +) survive

26
Q

What are two bacterial virulence factors?

A
  1. Exotoxins

2. Superantigens

27
Q

What are Exotoxins?

A

Proteins produced by bacteria & released outside to exert action on specific target cell

Majority heat labile

28
Q

What are endotoxins?

A

Released when bacteria are dead or killed

Can induce inflammation by stimulating immune system

Heat stable

29
Q

What are superantigens?

A

Produced by pathogenic microbes

Binding to MHC class II on APCs and T helper cell receptor

Result in polyclonal T cell activation and massive cytokine release

30
Q

How does biofilm form?

A

Microbes cling to surface and produce EC substances and take in nutrients

Slowly grow and cause imbalance

31
Q

How do bacteria use quorum sensing?

A

When population reaches certain level, changes occur and culminate in infection and overwhelm immune system defenses

32
Q

How do bacteria and fungi cause disease?

A

Pathogenesis

33
Q

What is pathogenesis?

A

Mechanism by which pathogen cause disease

34
Q

What is virulence?

A

Degree of pathogenicity, includes severity

35
Q

Are most bacteria pathogens?

A

No

36
Q

What two things mediate virulence transfer of Bacteria?

A

Via Plasmids and Bacteriophages that carry genes for antibiotic resistance, toxins, capsules, and fimbriae

37
Q

How are bacteria virulence factors transferred?

A

Via conjugation, transformation, and transduction

38
Q

What 5 things increase virulence?

A
  1. Fimbriae
  2. Flagella
  3. Capsule
  4. Quorum sensing
  5. Biofilm formatin
39
Q

What are the sequence of events in bacterial or fungal pathogenesis?

A
  1. Host entry
  2. Evade host defense
  3. Colonize host system
  4. Multiply
  5. Exert damage in host
  6. Transmit to other hosts = INFECTIOUS
40
Q

How do bacteria and fungi cause disease?

A
  1. Deplete host nutrients
  2. Toxins
  3. As a result of immune response to microbe
41
Q

What are fungi?

A
  1. Eukaryotes
  2. Heterotrophs
  3. Absorptive nutrition
  4. Asexual repro/some sexual repro
  5. Plant-like cell wall
  6. Unicellular or multicellular
  7. Free-living
  8. Infections less common than bacterial infections

RUSVM Bacteriology Exam 1 Fun (10 decks)

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