Antimicrobials

Question 1

What are the 5 general members of the B-lactam antimicrobials?

Answer 1

Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Sublactams, Carbapenems, Monobactams

Question 2

What are the 2 mechanisms of actions for B-lactams?

Answer 2

Disrupt cell wall and stimulate autolysins that degrade peptidoglycan

Question 3

Do B-lactams have a broad spectrum of activity?

Answer 3

Yes

Question 4

How are B-lactams excreted?

Answer 4

Through kidneys

Question 5

Are B-lactams are bactericidal?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

T/F: B-lactams use time dependent killing

Answer 6

True, need frequent dosing

Question 7

What are 3 resistance methods of B-lactams?

Answer 7

1. B-lactamase production
2. Extended spectrum B-lactamase
3. Alteration of penicillin binding proteins W

Question 8

What does synergism do to B-lactamases?

Answer 8

Inhibit

Question 9

T/F: You can mix ahminoglycoside with penicillin in the same syringe

Answer 9

False

Question 10

What are antagonists of B-lactams?

Answer 10

Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol

Question 11

What spectrum does Tetracycline have?

Answer 11

Broad spectrum

Question 12

Tetracyline is widely used is what animals?

Answer 12

Ruminants and swine

Question 13

What is the mechanism of action for tetracylines?

Answer 13

Inhibit protein synthesis

Question 14

Do tetracyclines cross placenta barrier?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

Tetracyclines are secreted in?

Answer 15

Milk

Question 16

What are the members of Aminoglycosides?

Answer 16

Gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, spectinomycin

Question 17

How are ahminoglycosides inactivated?

Answer 17

Oxygen dependent uptake by microbes and purulent debris

Question 18

What kind agent is Fluoroquinolone?

Answer 18

Synthetic antimicrobial agent

Question 19

What are the members of fluoroquinolones?

Answer 19

Enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin

Question 20

Fluoroquinolone has synergism with what two antimicrobials?

Answer 20

B-lacams and Aminoglycosides

Question 21

What kind of toxic effect do fluoroquinolones have?

Answer 21

Neurotoxic effect

Question 22

What are the members of Macrolides?

Answer 22

Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin

Question 23

What kind effect do macrolides have?

Answer 23

Immunomodulatory effect

Question 24

What are the members of sulfa drugs?

Answer 24

Sulfonamide, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine

Question 25

What is the mechanism of Sulfa drugs?

Answer 25

Inhibit nucleic acid synthesis pathway

Question 26

Is oral absorption good for sulfa drugs?

Answer 26

Yes

Question 27

How are sulfa drugs excreted?

Answer 27

Through bile, feces, urine

Question 28

Sulfa drugs are synergistic with who?

Answer 28

Diaminopyrimidines