Antimicrobials Flashcards
What are the 5 general members of the B-lactam antimicrobials?
Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Sublactams, Carbapenems, Monobactams
What are the 2 mechanisms of actions for B-lactams?
Disrupt cell wall and stimulate autolysins that degrade peptidoglycan
Do B-lactams have a broad spectrum of activity?
Yes
How are B-lactams excreted?
Through kidneys
Are B-lactams are bactericidal?
Yes
T/F: B-lactams use time dependent killing
True, need frequent dosing
What are 3 resistance methods of B-lactams?
- B-lactamase production
- Extended spectrum B-lactamase
- Alteration of penicillin binding proteins W
What does synergism do to B-lactamases?
Inhibit
T/F: You can mix ahminoglycoside with penicillin in the same syringe
False
What are antagonists of B-lactams?
Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol
What spectrum does Tetracycline have?
Broad spectrum
Tetracyline is widely used is what animals?
Ruminants and swine
What is the mechanism of action for tetracylines?
Inhibit protein synthesis
Do tetracyclines cross placenta barrier?
Yes
Tetracyclines are secreted in?
Milk
What are the members of Aminoglycosides?
Gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, spectinomycin
How are ahminoglycosides inactivated?
Oxygen dependent uptake by microbes and purulent debris
What kind agent is Fluoroquinolone?
Synthetic antimicrobial agent
What are the members of fluoroquinolones?
Enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin
Fluoroquinolone has synergism with what two antimicrobials?
B-lacams and Aminoglycosides
What kind of toxic effect do fluoroquinolones have?
Neurotoxic effect
What are the members of Macrolides?
Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
What kind effect do macrolides have?
Immunomodulatory effect
What are the members of sulfa drugs?
Sulfonamide, sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine
