general ankle review Flashcards

1
Q

what is Subtalar Neutral Position

A

The foot position where the subtalar, talonavicular, and calcanealcuboid are congruous (in position of neither pronation nor supination)

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2
Q

how do you place the foot in neutral

A

foot is placed in neutral by centering the navicular on the talus

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3
Q

Pes Cavus position

A

Fore foot is plantar flexed with respect to rear foot, rear foot supinated during wt bearing

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4
Q

are pt more over supinated or pronated when the have pea caves

A

supinated - ridged deformity

have a poor shock absorbing foot

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5
Q

people with pes clavus foot have les DF of PF

A

DF - this is beacasue most of the range is already used up

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6
Q

Rigid pes planus usually result of what

A

bony structural abnormality of the arch.

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7
Q

Flexible pes planus may be result of what

A

weak supinator muscles - tib post

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8
Q

pes planus - pronated or supinated

A

pronated

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9
Q

Pes planus foot during​ weight bearing

A

Flattened arch and valgus rear foot positioning during weight bearing

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10
Q

what is the transverse plane leads to foott pronation

A

hip anteversion, internal femoral torsion, internal tibial torsion

  • overall: anything that makes the leg rotate medially
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11
Q

limited knee or hip ext does what to the ankle

A

decrease DF

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12
Q

what is Equinus

A

is a condition that causes limited ankle joint range of motion - ankle doesn’t flex upward (dorsiflex) as it should, and the foot ends up compensating (pronating)

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13
Q

Leg Injuries

A

Achilles tendinitis
Tibialis posterior tendinitis
Tibial/fibular stress fracture
Anterior/medial knee pain

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14
Q

Location of Abnormal Supination forefoot​

A

Rigid everted forefoot

Forefoot Valgus

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15
Q

what does Rigid everted forefoot tell us about the midtarsal joint

A

implies inadequate inversion about the LMTJ axis (longitudinal)

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16
Q

abnormal supination 1st ray

A

PF

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17
Q

Leg Injuries associated with over supination

A

Achilles tendinitis
Peroneal tendinitis
Lateral knee and hip pain.

18
Q

How does Limited S-T joint motion effect​ the calcaneus during stance

A

keeps it in the inverted​ position

19
Q

Rigid Plantarflexed 1st Ray leads to what

A

Develop lateral instability of ankle

Callus under 1st & 5th MT heads

20
Q

how to accomidate Rigid Plantarflexed 1st Ray

A

Requires accommodative orthotic with cut-out for 1st ray or bar from 2nd - 5th MT

21
Q

when we are in resting positon what does the foot look like

A

eversion of heel rather than subtalar neutral (STJN)

22
Q

Gait cycles operates around RSP or STJN

23
Q

Low Dye taping effectivness

A

pronation, increase arch height before and after exercise, and decrease rear-foot motion

24
Q

how can low dye taping be used as a screening tool

A

used to access if a pt would benefit​ from a orthotic

25
Eversion midtarsal
Navicular plantar medial Cuboid dorsolateral long axis
26
Inversion midtarsal
Navicular dorsolateral Cuboid plantarmedial long axis
27
dorsiflexion midtarsal
Navicular & Cuboid Dorsolateral same direction
28
PF midtarsal
Navicular & Cuboid Plantarmedial same direction
29
Ankle Sprains make up what precentage of ankle injuries
75%
30
inversion sprain action
in and PF
31
Inversion Sprains normal involve what ligaments
involves anterior talo-fibular ligament (ATF) and calcaneo-fibular ligament (CF). Severe injury may also involve the posterior talo-fibular ligament.
32
Risk Factors intrinsic for inversion sprains
Limited ankle DF ROM Reduced ankle proprioception Decreased balance Factors reduce the ability of the dynamic stabilizers (peroneals) to react to perturbations in ankle position
33
what sports do we often see intrinsic sprains
Basketball, volleyball, field sports In soccer – being a defender and playing on natural grass as opposed to artificial increases risk for LAS
34
what special test might be positive if there is an inversion sprain
anterior drawer and medial talar tilt tests.
35
functional ankle instability can be cuased​ by what
caused by disturbed proprioception PT - Balancing, single leg stance, return to position PT aimed at co-ordination and strength of muscles around ankle to restore proprioception and thus stability
36
Sinus Tarsi Syndrome is normally associated with what issues
a secondary complication of chronic inversion sprain in patients who also hyperpronate. hyperpronation, talus displaces into sinus tarsi region resulting in irritation.
37
what do we see with Sinus Tarsi Syndrome
Chronic pain and inflammation of lateral aspect of sub-talar joint (sinus tarsi).
38
eversion sprain involve which ligaments
deltoid ligament, may also involve distal tib-fib interosseous membrane
39
which is more present inversion or eversion sprain
inversion sprain eversion i stabilized due to the distal fibula extends beyond​ the jt
40
Deltoid ligament complex issues are associated with what
Lateral ankle sprains Ankle syndesmosis injuries Maisonneuve fracture (fx of proximal fibula with widening of the ankle mortise on x-ray) Malleolar fractures
41
what happens when distal tib fib joint when we DF
it opens up
42
Mechanism of high ankle sprain
leg IR foot ER