general ankle review

Question 1

what is Subtalar Neutral Position

Answer 1

The foot position where the subtalar, talonavicular, and calcanealcuboid are congruous (in position of neither pronation nor supination)

Question 2

how do you place the foot in neutral

Answer 2

foot is placed in neutral by centering the navicular on the talus

Question 3

Pes Cavus position

Answer 3

Fore foot is plantar flexed with respect to rear foot, rear foot supinated during wt bearing

Question 4

are pt more over supinated or pronated when the have pea caves

Answer 4

supinated - ridged deformity

have a poor shock absorbing foot

Question 5

people with pes clavus foot have les DF of PF

Answer 5

DF - this is beacasue most of the range is already used up

Question 6

Rigid pes planus usually result of what

Answer 6

bony structural abnormality of the arch.

Question 7

Flexible pes planus may be result of what

Answer 7

weak supinator muscles - tib post

Question 8

pes planus - pronated or supinated

Answer 8

pronated

Question 9

Pes planus foot during​ weight bearing

Answer 9

Flattened arch and valgus rear foot positioning during weight bearing

Question 10

what is the transverse plane leads to foott pronation

Answer 10

hip anteversion, internal femoral torsion, internal tibial torsion

• overall: anything that makes the leg rotate medially

Question 11

limited knee or hip ext does what to the ankle

Answer 11

decrease DF

Question 12

what is Equinus

Answer 12

is a condition that causes limited ankle joint range of motion - ankle doesn’t flex upward (dorsiflex) as it should, and the foot ends up compensating (pronating)

Question 13

Leg Injuries

Answer 13

Achilles tendinitis
Tibialis posterior tendinitis
Tibial/fibular stress fracture
Anterior/medial knee pain

Question 14

Location of Abnormal Supination forefoot​

Answer 14

Rigid everted forefoot

Forefoot Valgus

Question 15

what does Rigid everted forefoot tell us about the midtarsal joint

Answer 15

implies inadequate inversion about the LMTJ axis (longitudinal)

Question 16

abnormal supination 1st ray

Answer 16

PF

Question 17

Leg Injuries associated with over supination

Answer 17

Achilles tendinitis
Peroneal tendinitis
Lateral knee and hip pain.

Question 18

How does Limited S-T joint motion effect​ the calcaneus during stance

Answer 18

keeps it in the inverted​ position

Question 19

Rigid Plantarflexed 1st Ray leads to what

Answer 19

Develop lateral instability of ankle

Callus under 1st & 5th MT heads

Question 20

how to accomidate Rigid Plantarflexed 1st Ray

Answer 20

Requires accommodative orthotic with cut-out for 1st ray or bar from 2nd - 5th MT

Question 21

when we are in resting positon what does the foot look like

Answer 21

eversion of heel rather than subtalar neutral (STJN)

Question 22

Gait cycles operates around RSP or STJN

Answer 22

RSP

Question 23

Low Dye taping effectivness

Answer 23

pronation, increase arch height before and after exercise, and decrease rear-foot motion

Question 24

how can low dye taping be used as a screening tool

Answer 24

used to access if a pt would benefit​ from a orthotic

Question 25

Eversion midtarsal

Answer 25

Navicular plantar medial
Cuboid dorsolateral

long axis

Question 26

Inversion midtarsal

Answer 26

Navicular dorsolateral
Cuboid plantarmedial

long axis

Question 27

dorsiflexion midtarsal

Answer 27

Navicular & Cuboid Dorsolateral
same direction

Question 28

PF midtarsal

Answer 28

Navicular & Cuboid Plantarmedial
same direction

Question 29

Ankle Sprains make up what precentage of ankle injuries

Answer 29

75%

Question 30

inversion sprain action

Answer 30

in and PF

Question 31

Inversion Sprains normal involve what ligaments

Answer 31

involves anterior talo-fibular ligament (ATF) and calcaneo-fibular ligament (CF).

Severe injury may also involve the posterior talo-fibular ligament.

Question 32

Risk Factors intrinsic for inversion sprains

Answer 32

Limited ankle DF ROM
Reduced ankle proprioception
Decreased balance
Factors reduce the ability of the dynamic stabilizers (peroneals) to react to perturbations in ankle position

Question 33

what sports do we often see intrinsic sprains

Answer 33

Basketball, volleyball, field sports

In soccer – being a defender and playing on natural grass as opposed to artificial increases risk for LAS

Question 34

what special test might be positive if there is an inversion sprain

Answer 34

anterior drawer and medial talar tilt tests.

Question 35

functional ankle instability can be cuased​ by what

Answer 35

caused by disturbed proprioception

PT - Balancing, single leg stance, return to position

PT aimed at co-ordination and strength of muscles around ankle to restore proprioception and thus stability

Question 36

Sinus Tarsi Syndrome is normally associated with what issues

Answer 36

a secondary complication of chronic inversion sprain in patients who also hyperpronate.

hyperpronation, talus displaces into sinus tarsi region resulting in irritation.

Question 37

what do we see with Sinus Tarsi Syndrome

Answer 37

Chronic pain and inflammation of lateral aspect of sub-talar joint (sinus tarsi).

Question 38

eversion sprain involve which ligaments

Answer 38

deltoid ligament, may also involve distal tib-fib interosseous membrane

Question 39

which is more present inversion or eversion sprain

Answer 39

inversion sprain

eversion i stabilized due to the distal fibula extends beyond​ the jt

Question 40

Deltoid ligament complex issues are associated with what

Answer 40

Lateral ankle sprains

Ankle syndesmosis injuries

Maisonneuve fracture (fx of proximal fibula with widening of the ankle mortise on x-ray)

Malleolar fractures

Question 41

what happens when distal tib fib joint when we DF

Answer 41

it opens up

Question 42

Mechanism of high ankle sprain

Answer 42

leg IR
foot ER