General Anesthetics & Therapeutic Gases

Question 1

Which inhaled anesthetic is the least potent but the fastest for induction?

Answer 1

nitrous oxide

other features:
little effect on blood pressure or respiration

Question 2

At what saturation is cyanosis present?

Answer 2

67%

or a reduction of 5 g/dL

Question 3

What are the 2 components to hyperbaric oxygen?

Answer 3

increased hydrostatic pressure (reduces bubble size)

increased O2 pressure

Question 4

abnormal vascularization of the developing retina resulting from oxygen toxicity or relative hypoxia

Answer 4

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

Question 5

What gas comprises most of air pollution?

Answer 5

carbon monoxide

Question 6

What percentage of COHb causes irreversible brain & myocardial damage?

Answer 6

60%

Question 7

What inhaled anesthetic is a good choice for asthma since it does not provoke coughing or breath-holding?

Answer 7

sevoflurane

Question 8

What medication is used to premedicate and reduce anxiety?

Answer 8

midazolam = Versed

Question 9

What is the complication with nitrous oxide?

Answer 9

when it is leaving the blood it dilutes the O2 in the alveoli and can cause diffusional hypoxia -> deliver 100% O2 when stopping nitrous oxide
It can also cause B12 deficiency by inactivation of methionine synthase

Question 10

What effect of inhaled anesthetics can precipitate post op infection & hypoxemia?

Answer 10

impairment of mucociliary function resulting in mucus pooling and plugging -> atelectasis

Question 11

What compound can form from NO + O2?

Answer 11

nitrogen dioxide -> pulmonary irritant that can cause deterioration of lung function