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HLSC 222- midterm 1 > General Anesthetics > Flashcards

General Anesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

Two groups of General Anesthetics

A

1) Inhalation anesthetics
2) Intravenous anesthetics

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2
Q

General Anesthrics

A

drugs that produce UNCONSCIOUSNESS and a lack of responsiveness to all PAINFUL STIMULI

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3
Q

Analgesis

A

refers to loss of sensitivity to pain

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4
Q

Anesthetic

A

refers to loss of PAIN but also loss of all other SENSATIONS, and loss of CONSCIOUSNESS

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5
Q

Balanced Anesthesia

A

combining drugs to accomplish what can’t be achieved by inhalation anesthetics alone

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6
Q

what agents are use to achieve balanced anesthesia

A

1) Propofol and Short-Acting Barbiturates (inducing anesthesia)

2) Neuromuscular blocking agents (muscle relaxation)

3) Opioids and nitrous oxide (analgesia)

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7
Q

Anesthetics work by

A

1) ENHANCING transmission at inhibitory synapses

2) DEPRESSING transmission at excitatory synapses

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8
Q

What is the principle inhibitory transmitter in CNS

A

GABA

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9
Q

What is GABA

A

generalized inhibition of CNS function

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10
Q

Nitric Oxide do

A

blocking actions of N-methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA)

  • an excitatory neuron
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11
Q

MAC

A

minimum alveolar concentration

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12
Q

what is Minimum Alveolar Concentration

A

index of minimum concentration of drug in alveolar air

  • that will produce IMMOBILITY IN 50% of patients exposed to painful stimuli
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13
Q

do most agents have a high or low MAC

A

most have a low mac

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14
Q

nitric Oxide MAC

A

high MAC

  • surgical anesthesia cant be achieved with nitric oxide alone
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15
Q

Agent Uptake of ihaltion anesthetics

A

major determinant (outside of lung issues) is [aesthetic] in inspired air/ greater = faster uptake

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16
Q

adverse effects of inhalation anesthetics

A

major concern:
respiratory/ cardiac depression
- doeses 2 - 4 times greater than needed can cause lethal depression

Aspiration
- reflexes that prevent aspiration of GI tract contents into lungs are absent in state of anesthesia

17
Q

Preanesthetics Medication purposes

A

1) reducing anxiety

2)produce perioperative amnesia

3) relieving pre and post operative pain

18
Q

What are preanesthrtic medications

A

Benzodiazepines

Opiods

Alpha2-andrenergic agnonists

19
Q

benzodiazepines

A

reduce anxiety and promote amnesia

20
Q

opiods

A

relieve pain

supress cough

21
Q

alpha2-andrenergic agonists

A

reduce pain
cause sedation

22
Q

anesthesiologists

A

physicians

23
Q

anesthestists

A

nurses

24
Q

2 basic categories of inhalation anesthetics

A

1) gases (gaseous state at atmospheric pressure)

2) volatile liquids ( lipuid at atmospheric pressure but converted to vapour for administration

25
Q

Individual inhalation anesathetics

A

Isoflurane

Nitric Oxide

26
Q

isoflurane
what is it
adverse effects

A

proteo type for volatile inhalation anesthetics

adverse: hypotension, respiratory depression

27
Q

Nitric Oxide

A

very low anesthetic potency
high analgesic potency

most widely used inhalation agents

28
Q

Benefits of iv anesthetics

A

1) allow inhaltion disage to be reduced

2) produce effects that cant be achieved by inhalation agent alone

29
Q

Short acting barbiturates

A

Methohexital

Benzodiazepines: Diazepan

30
Q

Methohexital

A

effective, but production ceased in 2011 because of its use in human execution

31
Q

Benzodiazepines: Diazepam

A

on occasion causes severe respiratory depression
- emergency respiratory support should be immediately available

32
Q

other iv anesthetics

A

Propofol

Ketamine

33
Q

Propofol

A

most widely used ivs

promotes release of GABA = generalized CNS depression

34
Q

propofol adverse effects

A

narrow therapeutic range

35
Q

ketamine

A

produces dissociative anesthesia

used for minor surgical/ diagnostic procedures
- changing of burn dressing

HLSC 222- midterm 1 (10 decks)

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