General Anesthesia, MAC Flashcards

1
Q

What do the letters in MAC stand for, and what is the definition of MAC?

A

the minimum alveolar concentration of inhaled anesthetics at 1 atm that produces immobility in response to a noxious stimulus in 50% of subjects

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2
Q

What is the dose for MAC awake and what does it mean?

A

0.5 MAC

the end-tidal anesthetic concentration at 1 atm that suppresses the appropriate response to command in 50% of subjects

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3
Q

What is the dose for MAC amnesia?

A

0.25 MAC

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4
Q

What is the dose of MAC EI?

A

1.3 MAC

produces loss of motor function, sensory recall, sympathetic response to stimulation

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5
Q

What is the dose of MAC BAR?

A

1.5 MAC

adrenergic and CV responses blocked at this dose

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6
Q

Stage III of anesthesia has how many planes?

A

4

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7
Q

Describe the first plane of stage III.

A
  • considered “light” for surgical anesthesia
  • blink and swallow reflexes intact
  • regular respiration with good chest motion
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8
Q

Describe the second plane of stage III.

A
  • loss of blink reflex
  • pupils become fixed in one position (usually central)
  • respirations still regular with good use of accessary muscles
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9
Q

Describe the third plane of stage III.

A
  • start to lose the use of accessary muscles for respiration
  • breathing becomes shallow
  • may require assisted ventilation
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10
Q

Describe the fourth plane of stage III.

A
  • no use of accessary muscles for breathing

- all respiratory effort produced by the diaphragm

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11
Q

What is the MAC of halothane, isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane, and nitrous oxide? (approximately)

A
halothane - 0.75
isoflurane - 1.2
desflurane - 6
sevoflurane - 2
nitrous oxide - 105
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12
Q

Define diffusion hypoxia.

A

Diffusion hypoxia refers to the rapid diffusion of nitrous oxide into alveoli at the end of a nitrous oxide anesthetic. Nitrous oxide dilutes the alveolar gas and produces a transient decrease in Pao2 and Paco2. (Miller’s Anesthesia)

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13
Q

During flight school, pilots are told that their job will be likened to that of what other profession?

A

nurse anesthesia

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14
Q

The stage of analgesia or induction is considered what Stage of Anesthesia?

A

Stage I

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15
Q

The stage of excitement is considered what Stage of Anesthesia?

A

Stage II

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16
Q

The surgical or operative stage is considered what Stage of Anesthesia?

A

Stage III

17
Q

The “danger stage” is considered what Stage of Anesthesia?

A

Stage IV

18
Q

When preparing for a case, acronyms like MSMAID, SOAP, and DAMMITTS are used as reminders…. pick one and decipher its meaning!

A

MSMAID - machine check, suction, monitors, airway, IV setup, drugs

SOAP - suction, oxygen, airway, pharmacology

DAMMITTS - drugs, airway, machine check, monitors, IV setup, twitch monitor, table, and stethoscope

19
Q

What are the 5 goals of the perioperative period?

A
  • amnesia
  • analgesia
  • immobility
  • unconsciousness
  • attenuation of autonomic reflexes
20
Q

What is the ASA classification of a healthy patient?

A

ASA I

21
Q

What is the ASA classification of a patient with mild systemic disease without functional limitations?

A

ASA II

22
Q

What is the ASA classification of a patient with severe systemic disease with definite functional limitations?

A

ASA III

23
Q

What is the ASA classification of a patient with severe systemic disease that is life threatening?

A

ASA IV

24
Q

What is the ASA classification of a dying patient not expected to survive for 24 hours without an operation?

A

ASA V