General Anatomy - NBS Flashcards by Captain America

Name the 4 rotator cuff muscles

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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Which rotator cuff muscle(s) is/are responsible for external (lateral) rotation of the shoulder

Infraspinatus + Teres minor

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Which rotator cuff muscle(s) is/are fed by the suprascapular artery

Supraspinatus + Infraspinatus

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Match the muscle to its respective innervation
Muscle:
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis
Innervation:
Axillary, Suprascapular, Subscapular

Muscle-------------------Innervation
Supraspinatus-----------Suprascapular
Infraspinatus-------------Suprascapular
Teres minor---------------Axillary
Subscapularis------------Subscapular

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Match the muscle to its respective blood supply
Muscle:
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis
Blood Supply:
Suprascapular, Scapular circumflex,
Lateral Thoracic, Subscapular

Muscle————–Blood Supply
Supraspinatus—–Suprascapular
Infraspinatus——-Suprascapular
Teres minor———Scapular Lat. Thor. + Subscapular

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Match the muscle to its respective action
Muscle:
Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, Subscapularis
Action:
Abduction, Adduction,
Internal (medial) Rotation, External (lateral) Rotation

Muscle—————————————Action
Supraspinatus—————————-Abduction
Infraspinatus——————————Ext. Rotation
Teres minor——————————-Ext. Rotation
Subscapularis—————————-Int. Rotation

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Latissimus dorsi is innervated by ________ nerve and has the ________ action

Thoracodorsal N.

Extension + Int. Rotation of arm

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Trapezius is innervated by ________ nerve and has the ________ action

Spinal Accessory N.

Adduct scapula

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Rhomboid is innervated by ________ nerve and has the ________ action

Dorsal Scapular N.

Scapular retraction

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Serratus Anterior is innervated by ________ nerve and has the ________ action

Long Thoracic N.

Adheres scapulae to chest wall

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Deltoid is innervated by ________ nerve and has the ________ action

Axillary N.

Abduction of the arm

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Teres major is innervated by ________ nerve and has the ________ action

Subscapular N.

Extension + Internal Rotation + Adduction of arm

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Pectoralis minor is innervated by ________ nerve and has the ________ action

Medial Pectoral N.

Draws scapula forward

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Match the muscle to its respective innervation
Muscle:
Biceps brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis,
Coracobrachialis, Pronator teres
Innervation:
Median, Musculocutaneous, Radial

Muscle———————————–Innervation
Biceps brachii————————Musculocutaneous
Brachialis——————————-Musculocutaneous
Brachioradialis———————–Musculocutaneous
Coracobrachialis——————–Radial
Pronator teres———————–Median

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Match the muscle to its respective blood supply
Muscle:
Biceps brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis,
Coracobrachialis, Pronator teres
Blood Supply:
BrachialUlnar artery, Ulnar artery

Muscle———————————–Blood Supply
Biceps brachii————————Brachial artery
Brachialis——————————-Brachial artery
Brachioradialis———————–Brachial artery
Coracobrachialis——————–Brachial artery
Pronator teres———————–Ulnar artery

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Triceps is innervated by ________ nerve, has ________ for a blood supply and has the ________ action

Radial N.
Brachial artery
Extension of Elbow

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Anconeus is innervated by ________ nerve, has ________ for a blood supply and has the ________ action

Radial N.
Brachial artery
Extension of Elbow

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The Biceps brachii, Brachialis, Brachioradialis, Coracobrachialis, and Pronator teres are all part of the ________ compartment of the arm

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The Triceps and Anconeus are both part of the ________ compartment of the arm

Posterior

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Flexor radialis is innervated by ________ nerve, has ________ for a blood supply and has the ________ action

Median N.
Ulnar artery
Flex + Abducts wrist

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Flexor carpi ulnaris is innervated by ________ nerve, has ________ for a blood supply and has the ________ action

Ulnar N.
Ulnar artery
Flex + Adducts wrist

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Flexor digiti profundus is innervated by ________ nerve, has ________ for a blood supply and has the ________ action

1/2 Median N. + 1/2 Ulnar N.
Ulnar artery
Flex DIP, PIP, MCP

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Pronator teres is innervated by ________ nerve, has ________ for a blood supply and has the ________ action

Median N.
Ulnar artery
Pronate forearm + Flex elbow

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Flexor pollicis longus is innervated by ________ nerve, has ________ for a blood supply and has the ________ action

Median N.
Ulnar artery
Flexes distal thumb

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Palmaris longus is innervated by ________ nerve, has ________ for a blood supply and has the ________ action

Median N. Ulnar artery Flexes wrist

Extensor carpi radialis longus is innervated by ________ nerve and has the ________ action

Radial N. Extends + Abducts wrist

Extensor carpi radialis brevis is innervated by ________ nerve and has the ________ action

Radial N. Extends + Abducts wrist

Extensor carpi ulnaris is innervated by ________ nerve and has the ________ action

Posterior Interosseous N. Extends + Adducts wrist

Levator ani is innervated by ________ nerve, has ________ for a blood supply and has the ________ action

Pudendal plexus Internal Pudendal + Inferior Rectal arteries Constricts recturm + vagina cavity

Coccygeus is innervated by ________ nerve, has ________ for a blood supply and has the ________ action

Pudendal plexus Internal Pudendal + Inf. Rectal + Inf. Gluteal arteries Pulls forward and supports the coccyx

Transverse perinei profundus is innervated by ________ nerve, has ________ for a blood supply and has the ________ action

Branch of Pundendal Internal pudendal artery Assists perineal body, helps spincter action + supprts vagina (females) + supports prostate (males)

Sphincter ani externus is innervated by ________ nerve, has ________ for a blood supply and has the ________ action

Branch of Pundendal Inferior Rectal + Transverse Perineal arteries Contracts orifice

The anterior compartment of the thigh is comprised of which 6 muscles?

1. Rectus femoris 2. Vastus lateralis 3. Vastus medialis 4. Vastus intermedius 5. Sartorius 6. Iliopsoas

The muscles of the anterior thigh are innervated by what nerve(s)?

Femoral nerve

The muscles of the anterior thigh are fed by what blood supply?

Femoral artery

Which 4 anterior thigh muscles extend the leg?

1. Rectus femoris 2. Vastus lateralis 3. Vastus medialis 4. Vastus intermedius

Which 3 anterior thigh muscles flex the hip?

1. Rectus femoris 2. Sartorius 3. Iliopsoas

Which anterior thigh muscle flexes the knee?

Sartorius

Which anterior thigh muscle externally rotates thigh

Sartorius

Which anterior thigh muscle originates from the ASIS?

Sartorius

Which anterior thigh muscle originates from the AIIS?

Rectus Femoris

The medial compartment of the thigh is comprised of which 5 muscles?

1. Pectineus 2. Adductor Brevis 3. Adductor Longus 4. Adductor Magnus 5. Gracilis

All the medial compartment muscles share this innervation

Obturator Nerve

The Pectineus is primarily innervated by ________

Femoral Nerve

All the medial compartment muscles share this blood supply

Obturator Artery

This medial compartment muscle flexes the leg in addition to adducting the thigh but doesn't really provide much in the way of rotation

Gracilis

This medial compartment muscle adducts, flexes, and laterally rotates the thigh

Pectineus

The 3 muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh are

1. Biceps femoris (2) 2. Semitendinosus 3. Semimembranosus

The muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh are innervated by

Tibial nerve

The muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh are fed by what blood supply

Deep femoral artery

Flexion and lateral rotation of the knee and extension of the thigh is the action of ________

Biceps femoris

Flexion and medial rotation of the knee and extension of the thigh are all actions for ________

Semitendinosus + Semimembranosus

These 4 muscles are found in the lateral compartment of the thigh

1. TFL 2. Gluteus minimus 3. Gluteus medius 4. Gluteus maximus

The Gluteus minimus + medius are innervated by ________, are fed by ________ artery, and have ________ actions

Superior Gluteal N. Inferior gluteal artery Abduction + medial rotation of the hip

The Gluteus maximus is innervated by ________, is fed by ________ artery, and has ________ actions

Inferior Gluteal N. Inferior gluteal artery Extension + lateral rotation of the hip

The TFL is innervated by ________, is fed by ________ artery, and has ________ actions

Superior Gluteal N. Inferior gluteal artery Flexion + abduction + medial rotation of the hip + extension of the knee

The 3 muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg are

1. Tibialis anterior 2. Extensor digitorum longus 3. Extensor hallucis longus

The muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg are innervated by

Deep Peroneal/Fibular N.

Dorsiflexion and internal rotation of the foot are actions for which muscle(s)

1. Tibialis anterior 2. Extensor digitorum longus 3. Extensor hallucis longus

Dorsiflexion and foot eversion are actions for which muscle(s)

Extensor digitorum longus

Big toe extension is the action for which muscle(s)

Extensor hallucis longus

The muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg are fed by ________ arteries

Anterior tibial artery

These 4 muscles are found in the posterior compartment of the leg

1. Gastrocnemius 2. Soleus 3. Popliteus 4. Plantaris

The posterior compartment of the leg is innervated by

Tibial N.

The posterior compartment of the leg is fed by what blood supply

Posterior tibial artery

________ has 2 muscle bellies and plantar flexes the foot and flexes the knee

Gastrocnemius

________ is the heart of the leg and plantar flexes the foot

Soleus

________ is responsible for flexion and rotates the leg medially to unlock the knee from full extension

Popliteus

________ is not considered the heart of the foot but plantar flexes it

Popliteus

These 2 muscles are found in the lateral compartment of the leg

1. Peroneus Brevis | 2. Peroneus Longus

The muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg have the following innervation and blood supply

Superficial Peroneal N. | Anterior tibial artery + Peroneal artery

The action(s) of the muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg is(are)

Plantar flexion and eversion of the foot

Match the following terms with their respective term Term-----------------------------------Respective Term Agonistic----------------------------Supports movement Synergistic-------------------------Opposite movers Antagonistic-----------------------Prime movers

Term-----------------------------------Respective Term Agonistic----------------------------Prime movers Synergistic-------------------------Supports movement Antagonistic-----------------------Opposite movers

Internal organs begin to form at the ________ month

2nd

Efferent cranial nerves develop at the ________

Basal plate

The ________ pharyngeal pouch is the location of the Thymus

3rd

The ________ pharyngeal pouch is the location of the Pharyngeal tonsil

2nd

Epithelial cells of the skin and nervous tissue arise from the _________

Ectoderm

Epithelial cells that line the respiratory and digestive tracts arise from the _________

Endoderm

Everything else (besides from epithelial cells of the skin and nervous system and those that line the respiratory and digestive tracts) arise from the ________

Mesoderm

Match the following anatomical part with its origin Anatomical Part------------------------------Origin Vertebral column----------------------------Dermotome Muscle-------------------------------------------Sclerotome Dermis of the skin--------------------------Myotome

Anatomical Part------------------------------Origin Vertebral column----------------------------Sclerotome Muscle-------------------------------------------Myotome Dermis of the skin--------------------------Dermotome

A sprain involves damage to ________

Ligaments

A strain involves damage to ________

Tendons

In embryonic development, ________ of the mesoderm become smooth or cardiac muscle

Myoblasts

In embryonic development, ________ of the mesoderm become skeletal muscle

Mesodermal "Blocks" (Somites)

Match the following Muscle Type---Description Skeletal----------Striated, uninucleated intercalated discs Cardiac----------Spindle-shaped w/central nucleus Smooth----------Striated, Multinucleated

Muscle Type---Description Skeletal----------Striated, Multinucleated Cardiac----------Striated, uninucleated intercalated discs Smooth----------Spindle-shaped w/central nucleus

________ is a functional class of joints that are immoveable

Synarthrosis

Sutures, gomphoses and synchondroses are all examples of ________ type joints

Synarthrosis

________ is a functional class of joints that are only slightly moveable

Amphiarthrosis

Syndesmoses and symphysis are all examples of ________ type joints

Amphiarthrosis

________ is a functional class of joints that are moveable

Diarthrosis

Hinge, pivot, gliding, saddle, ellipsoid and ball and socket are all examples of ________ type joints

Diarthrosis

Match the following terms Term 1-------------------------Term 2 Fibrocartilage---------------Ball and Socket Trochoid----------------------Teeth Sella----------------------------Amphiarthrosis Spheroid----------------------Saddle Gomphoses------------------Pivot

Term 1-------------------------Term 2 Fibrocartilage---------------Amphiarthrosis Trochoid----------------------Pivot Sella----------------------------Saddle Spheroid----------------------Ball and Socket Gomphoses------------------Teeth

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and ligamentous (and synovial) joints are all 3 types of ________ classification of joints

Structural

The ________ ligament protects the knee from valgus injuries

Medial (Tibial) Collateral ligament

The ________ ligament protects the knee from varus injuries

Lateral (Fibular/Peroneal) Collateral ligament

The ________ ligament protects the knee from hyperflexion injuries

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

The ________ ligament protects the knee from extension/hyperextension injuries

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

These 3 structures form the "terrible triad" in the knee when it comes to knee injuries

1. Medial (Tibial) collateral ligament 2. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) 3. Medial meniscus

Aka for Ulnar collateral ligament

Medial collateral ligament of the elbow

Aka for Radial collateral ligament

Lateral collateral ligament of the elbow

The ________ attaches from the AIIS to the intertrochanteric line a. Acetabular labrum b. Iliofemoral ligament c. Ischiofemoral ligament d. Pubofemoral ligament

b. Iliofemoral

The ________ attaches from the ischium to the greater trochanter a. Acetabular labrum b. Iliofemoral ligament c. Ischiofemoral ligament d. Pubofemoral ligament

c. Ischiofemoral

The ________ attaches from the pubic ramus to the intertrochanteric line is important for anteromedial reinforcement) a. Acetabular labrum b. Iliofemoral ligament c. Ischiofemoral ligament d. Pubofemoral ligament

d. Pubofemoral ligament

The ________ is a horseshoe-shaped fibrocartilage in the acetabulum that increases, along with the transverse ligament, the "cup depth" to support the head of the femur a. Acetabular labrum b. Iliofemoral ligament c. Ischiofemoral ligament d. Pubofemoral ligament

a. Acetabular labrum

The ends of the acetabular labrum are connected to one another by the ________ ligament

Transverse

These 3 ligaments coming off the medial malleolus and making up the deltoid ligament of the ankle, protecting it from eversion injuries

1. Tibiotalar 2. Tibionavicular 3. Tibiocalcaneous

The ________ ligament is the strongest ligament of the ankle

Deltoid ligament

These 3 ligaments coming off the lateral malleolus and protecting the ankle from inversion injuries are

1. Anterior talofibular 2. Posterior talofibular 3. Calcaneofibular

This ligament connects the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneous to the navicular and maintains longitudinal arch

Spring ligament

Aka for Spring ligament

Plantar Calcaneonavicular ligament

This type of ossification is where cartilage is replaced by bone

Endochondral ossification

This type of ossification is ossification of membranous bone (i.e. parietal bone)

Intramembranous ossification

Match the following Term---------------------Detail Compact bone-------Interlacunae "communication" Haversian canal-----Mature cells in lacunae Lacunae----------------aka central canal Osteocytes------------aka spongy bone Canaliculi--------------Between lamellae Cancellous bone----Forms Haversian Canal (aka lamellae)

Term---------------------Detail Compact bone-------Forms Haversian Canal (aka lamellae) Haversian canal-----aka central canal Lacunae----------------Between lamellae Osteocytes------------Mature cells in lacunae Canaliculi--------------Interlacunae "communication" Cancellous bone----aka spongy bone

________ is the major inorganic component of bone

Hydroxyapatite

``` Match the following Term 1---------------Descriptor Osteoblast---------Builds bone Osteoclast---------Breaks down bone Osteocytes--------Mature cells in lacunae ```

Term 1---------------Descriptor Osteoblast---------Builds bone Osteoclast---------Breaks down bone Osteocytes--------Mature cells in lacunae

Osteoblasts make ________ which help osteoblasts make new bone

Osteoids

``` Match the following terms Term 1---------------Term 2 Saddle--------------C1-C2 Ellipsoid------------IVD Pivot-----------------Thumb Symphysis---------Condyloid ```

``` Term 1---------------Term 2 Saddle--------------Thumb Ellipsoid------------Condyloid Pivot-----------------C1-C2 Symphysis---------IVD ```

``` Match the following terms Term 1---------------Term 2 Sella-----------------Ginglymus Spheroid-----------Thumb Gomphosis--------Hip Hinge----------------Teeth ```

``` Term 1---------------Term 2 Sella-----------------Thumb Spheroid-----------Hip Gomphosis--------Teeth Hinge----------------Ginglymus ```

________ cells make up the oral cavity and the anal canal

Stratified squamous

________ cells are striated and multinucleated

Skeletal muscle

________ is for neurotransmitter storage

Terminal button

________ gives rise to nerve and skin in an embryo

Ectoderm

The ________ is made up of the glands buccal cavity, esophagus, stomach, pharyngeal pouches and pharynx a. Allantois b. Foregut c. Hindgut d. Midgut

b. Foregut

The ________ is made up of the duodenum, jejunum, appendix and part of the transverse colon a. Allantois b. Foregut c. Hindgut d. Midgut

d. Midgut

The ________ is made up of part of the transverse colon, the sigmoid and descending colon, rectum and upper anal canal a. Allantois b. Foregut c. Hindgut d. Midgut

c. Hindgut

The ________ is made up of the urinary bladder, vagina, urethra, prostate and adrenal glands a. Allantois b. Foregut c. Hindgut d. Midgut

a. Allantois

The liver and pancreatic buds are made up of divisions of the ________

Foregut and midgut

________ resists anterior translation and medial rotation of the tibia in, in relation to the femur a. Anterior Cruciate ligament b. Lateral Collateral ligament c. Medial Collateral ligament d. Posterior Cruciate ligament

a. Anterior Cruciate ligament

________ prevents femur from sliding off anterior edge of tibia and prevents tibia from displacing posterior to femur a. Anterior Cruciate ligament b. Lateral Collateral ligament c. Medial Collateral ligament d. Posterior Cruciate ligament

d. Posterior Cruciate ligament

________ resists forces that would push knee medially a. Anterior Cruciate ligament b. Lateral Collateral ligament c. Medial Collateral ligament d. Posterior Cruciate ligament

c. Medial Collateral ligament

________ keeps outer side of the knee joint stable a. Anterior Cruciate ligament b. Lateral Collateral ligament c. Medial Collateral ligament d. Posterior Cruciate ligament

b. Lateral Collateral ligament

________ distributes over 50% of the medial support of the elbow a. Annular Collateral ligament b. Radial Collateral ligament c. Ulnar Collateral ligament d. Portal Triad e. Zonule of Zinn

c. Ulnar Collateral ligament

________ protects elbow from twisting forces during pitching, tennis, or throwing a javelin a. Annular Collateral ligament b. Radial Collateral ligament c. Ulnar Collateral ligament d. Portal Triad e. Zonule of Zinn

c. Ulnar Collateral ligament

________ remains taut throughout extension and flexion of the joint a. Annular Collateral ligament b. Radial Collateral ligament c. Ulnar Collateral ligament d. Portal Triad e. Zonule of Zinn

b. Radial Collateral ligament

________ wraps around head of radius and attaches to ulna, stabilizes radius in radial notch and allows for rotating hand a. Annular Collateral ligament b. Radial Collateral ligament c. Ulnar Collateral ligament d. Portal Triad e. Zonule of Zinn

a. Annular Collateral ligament

________ is made up of the hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein and common bile duct a. Annular Collateral ligament b. Radial Collateral ligament c. Ulnar Collateral ligament d. Portal Triad e. Zonule of Zinn

d. Portal Triad

________ connects the ciliary body with crystalline lens of the eye a. Annular Collateral ligament b. Radial Collateral ligament c. Ulnar Collateral ligament d. Portal Triad e. Zonule of Zinn

e. Zonule of Zinn

________ is made up of 126 bones, has the greatest ROM and includes the pectoral girdles, arem and forearm, hands, pelvis, thigh and leg, feet and ankles

Appendicular skeleton

________ is made up of 80 bones including the sacrum, coccyx, skull, spine, ossicles of middle ear, hyoid, ribs and sternum

Axial skeleton

There are ________ bones in the adult human body

206

The root of the spine of the scapula is at what thoracic level

If you fracture the surgical neck of the humerus, you could damage the ________ nerve

Axillary

If you fracture the shaft of the humerus, you could damage the ________ nerve

Radial

Match the following joints, nodes and disease Joint----------Node---------------Disease DIP------------Heberden---------OA or RA PIP------------Bouchards--------RA MCP----------Haygarths---------OA

Joint----------Node---------------Disease DIP------------Heberden---------OA PIP------------Bouchards--------OA or RA MCP----------Haygarths---------RA

Lumbricales, opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor pollicis brevis are all innervated by the ________. All other muscles of the hand are innervated by the ________.

Median nerve | Ulnar nerve

The snuff box borders are ________

From lateral to medial --> Abductor pollicis Extensor pollicis brevis and Extensor pollicis longus Floor is the scaphoid bone

This is found with the first rib, sternal angle and T4-T5 disc as the boundaries and contains the superior vena cava (upper 1/2), aortic arch, trachea, internal thoracic/brachiocephalic artery and veins, left common corotid artery, etc. a. Anterior mediastinum b. Middle Mediastinum c. Posterior Mediastinum d. Superior mediastinum

d. Superior mediastinum

This is found anterior to the paricardium and contains the thymic remnants, lymph nodes, fat and loos connective tissue and sternopericardial ligaments a. Anterior mediastinum b. Middle Mediastinum c. Posterior Mediastinum d. Superior mediastinum

a. Anterior mediastinum

This is found between the right an dleft pleural cavities and contains the heart, pericardium, ascending aorta, superior vena cava (lower 1/2), etc a. Anterior mediastinum b. Middle Mediastinum c. Posterior Mediastinum d. Superior mediastinum

b. Middle Mediastinum

This is found posterior to the pericardium between the mediatinal pleurae and contains the esophagus, descending thoracic aorta, azygous and hemiazygous vein, thoracic duct, etc, a. Anterior mediastinum b. Middle Mediastinum c. Posterior Mediastinum d. Superior mediastinum

c. Posterior Mediastinum

The ________, a lymphatic organ, stores RBCs, produces lymphocytes and antibodies, and contains both RBCs and white (lymphocytes) pulp

Spleen

The lymph is part of the immune system and includes what 4 "organs"

1. Spleen 2. Tonsils 3. Thymus 4. Bone marrow

``` Match Dendrites---------------soma Cell body---------------impulse generator Axon---------------------NT storage Terminal button-----tree branches ```

Dendrites---------------tree branches Cell body---------------soma Axon---------------------impulse generator Terminal button-----NT storage

________ (aka intrinsic nervous system) is a subdicision of the autonomic nervous system and directly controls the gastrointestinal system

Enteric Nervous System

60-70% of saliva is produced in the ________ gland

submandibular

20-30% of saliva is produced in the ________ gland

parotid gland

Match the following ligaments with what they connect Ligament-------------------------Connects Coronary-------------------------L. lobe of liver --> diaphragm Falciform-------------------------Lies in liver fissure Ligamentum venosum------R. lobe of liver --> diaphragm

Ligament-------------------------Connects Coronary-------------------------R. lobe of liver --> diaphragm Falciform-------------------------L. lobe of liver --> diaphragm Ligamentum venosum------Lies in liver fissure

________ is the remnant of ductus venosus

Ligamnetum venosum

________ omentum extends from the liver to the lesser curve of the stomach

Lesser

________ omentum extends from the greater curve overt he abdominal viscera

Greater

The cardia, funuds, body and pylorus are all structures of the ________

Stomach

________ is the sphincter at the terminal end of the stomach

Pyloric orifice/sphincter

________ is the mucous lining with many folds

Rugae

________ have an aka of oxyntic cells

Parietal cells

Match the following cells with their function Cell---------------f(x) Parietal----------Secrete pepsinogen Chief-------------Make CCK (Cholecystokinin) Ghrelin----------Secrete HCl and Intrinsic Factor Epithelial-------Secrete serotonin Argentaffin----Stimulate hunger

Cell---------------f(x) Parietal----------Secrete HCl and Intrinsic Factor Chief-------------Secrete pepsinogen Ghrelin----------Stimulate hunger Epithelial-------Make CCK (Cholecystokinin) Argentaffin----Secrete serotonin

________ have an aka of zymogenic cells

Chief cells

________ increases surface area of the lining of the small intestine for abosrption

Brush border

________ are folds of the small intestine

Plicae Circulare

________ is the blind pouch of the large intestine

Cecum

________ was once thought of as a remnant structure and now is thought (by some) to help replenish natural intestinal flora

Appendix

The ________ is divided into 4 parts (ascending, transvers, descending and sigmoid)

Colon

The ________ are found in the rectum and anus and are there for expansion

Columns of Morgagni

The ________ is the largest visceral organ

Liver

The ________ is the largest gland

Liver

The right lobe of the liver is divided into the ________ and ________ segments

Anterior | Posterior

The left lobe of the liver is divided into ________ and ________ lobes with ________ and ________ segments

Caudate Quadrate Medial Lateral

The liver produces ________ in adults and ________ in the fetus

Bile | RBCs

The falciform igament contains the ________

Round ligament (aka ligamentum teres)

List 3 functions of the liver

1. Fiters/Detoxifies blood 2. Protein synthesis 3. Stores glycogen, vitamins, iron and copper

The gall bladder contracs to expel ________ when stimulated by ________

Bile | CCK

The function of bile is to ________ in the small intestine

emulsify fat

List the 4 sinuses in the upper respiratory system

1. Frontal 2. Ethmoid 3. Sphenoid 4. Maxillary

The vocal, vestibular and conuse elasticus are ligaments located where?

Larynx

________ is 16-20 cartilaginous rings from the cricoid to bronchi (T4-T5 disc level)

Trachea

The ________ marks the division of the trachea into primary brinchi...also, the cough reflex originates here...(just in case you wanted to know)

Carina

The ________ is the shorter, wider and vertical bronchi

Right

The ________ is the longer, narrower and horizontal bronchi

Left

The ________ lung has 3 lobes separated by oblique and horizontal fissures

Right

the ________ lung has 2 lobes saparated by an oblique fissure

Left

The esophagus acts as a long sphingter for food (bolus) passage into the stomach and is made of both smooth and skeletal muscle

Esophagus

Which 4 hand musles are innervated by the median nerve

Lumbricales Opponens pollicis Abductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis

Which 4 food muscles are innervated by the medial plantar nerve

1st Lumbrical Abductor Hallicus Flexor Hallicus Brevis Flexor Digitorum Brevis