General Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
how much blood does the human body contain?
8-10 pints
what is a nutritive fluid flowing through the circulatory system?
blood
what are platelets?
blood components that contribute to the blood-clotting process
what is another term for white blood cells?
leukocytes
what is the study of tiny structures found in living tissues?
histology
what is one reason estheticians should study body systems, organs, and tissues?
to understand the effect services have on the body
what is protoplasm?
substance of which all cells and living things are composed
what is the process of cell reproduction called?
mitosis
what is the sternum?
flat bone that firms the ventral support if the ribs
what is the true origin part of the muscle?
it is attached to the skeleton
what part of the hand is supplied by the radial nerve and its branches?
back
what is the fluid part if the blood and lymph that carried food and secretions to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells?
plasma
what structures are composed of specialized tissues and performing specific functions?
organs
why does the parathyroid gland regulate blood calcium and phosphorous levels?
so the nervous and muscular system can function properly
what is the pituitary gland?
it is the most complex organ of the endocrine system
what organ in the endocrine system secretes enzyme-producing cells tat are responsible for digesting carbs, proteins, and fats?
pancreas
what are the secretions that the endocrine glands release directly into the bloodstream and that influence the welfare of the entire body?
hormones
what is the primary function of the respiratory system?
breathing
what is the primary function of the lymphatic/immune system?
protecting the body from disease
what is the primary function of the skeletal system
providing the physical foundation of the body
what is osteology?
study of the bones
what is a term that means bone and is used as a prefix in many medical terms?
os-
what is the primary function of the circulatory system?
moving blood through the body
what is covered, shaped, and supported by the muscular system?
skeletal tissue
what body system is responsible for changing foods into nutrients?
digestive
what is the primary function of the excretory system?
purifying the body by the elimination of waste matter
what is the primary function of the reproductive system?
perpetuating the human race
what is the body system that controls and coordinates all other body systems?
nervous
what is a connection between two or more bones of the skeleton?
joint
what body system serves as a protective covering for the body?
integumentary
what is a collection of similar cells that perform a particular function?
tissue
what are valves?
structures that close a passage or permit flow in one direction only
where in the skull is the occipital bone located?
back
how many identical daughter cells are formed when a cell divides during mitosis?
2
what are the two phases of metabolism?
anabolism and catabolism
what is the metabolic process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones?
anabolism
when during metabolism are complex compounds within the cells broken down into smaller ones?
catabolism
what body system affects the growth, development, sexual activities, and health of the body?
endocrine
where in the body does the spinal cord originate?
brain
specialized organs that remove and convert elements from the blood.
glands
what are lymph nodes?
gland-like structures found inside the lymphatic vessels
what are two physical characteristics of lymph?
colorless and watery
what binds tissues of the body together?
connective tissue
what type of tissue provides a protective covering on body surfaces?
epithelial
what carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all body functions?
nerve tissue
what organ circulates the blood?
heart
what do the kidneys do?
excrete water and waste products
what is the name of the two bones that for the bridge of the nose?
nasal
what is the largest and strongest bone in the face?
mandible
what is formed by the 12 pairs of bones in the ribs?
thorax
what serves as the protective framework for the heart lungs and other internal organs?
thorax
what are small vessels that connect capillaries to veins?
venules
what term refers to thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries?
veins
what gland controls how quickly the body burns energy and makes proteins?
thyroid
what is not true of the brain?
it is the largest organ of the body (skin is)
what supplies oxygen to the blood?
lungs
what is the function of the liver?
removing waste created by digestion
what organ aids the intestines in the digestion of food?
stomach
