General Anatomy Flashcards
Of which of the following structures below is the ligametum teres hepatis (round ligament of the liver) a remnant of?
Left umbilical vein
The round ligamentum (ligamentum of teres hepatis) is a fibrous cord resulting from obliteration of the umbilical vein. The right umbilical vein degenerates during the embryonic period. A persistent right umbilical vein is an abnormality in which the left umbilical vein becomes occluded & the right umbilical vein persists and remains open
The nerve traveling with the superior thyroid artery may be injured during a thyroidectomy. What functional deficit would most likely result from this injury?
Hoarseness
Both the superior and inferior laryngeal nerves (recurrent laryngeal nerve) are vulnerable to injury during thyroidectomy and other surgical operations in the anterior triangles of the neck. Because they innervate the muscles moving the vocal fold, injury results in paralysis of the vocal cords.
Which of the following parts of the intestines is secondarily retroperitoneal?
A. Ileum
B. Descending part of the duodenum
C. Sigmoid colon
D. Transverse colon
B. Descending part of the duodenum
Retroperitoneal organs are partially covered on one side with parietal peritoneum and are immobile or fixed organs. Major Secondary Retroperitoneal organs: 2nd and 3rd parts of duodenum, head/neck/body of pancreas, ascending colon, descending colon, upper rectum. Major Primary retroperitoneal organs: kidneys, adrenal glands, ureters, aorta, IVC, Lower rectum and anal canal
The sternal angle is found at which location?
Manubriosternal joint
Which is characteristic of tetralogy of Fallot?
Ventricular septal defect, right ventricular hypertrophy, pulmonary valve stenosis, overriding aorta
What level does the spinal cord typically end in an adult?
L2
What sets of arteries are direct branches of the celiac trunk?
Left gastric artery, splenic artery, common hepatic artery
Describe the symptoms of a lesion to the corticobulbar, or corticonuclear, tract?
Weakness in the contralateral lower face
The corticobulbar tract supplies innervation to both the contralateral upper and lower face. However, it spares the upper face because it receives dual innervation from the corticobulbar tract as well as the facial nerve (CN VII). Thus, a lesion to the corticobulbar tract is considered an UMN lesion but leads to weakness in the contralateral lower face only and is known as facial palsy
A 50 year-old male with chronic active hepatitis C presents for evaluation of abdominal swelling. Examination reveals palmar erythema, multiple petechiae, ecchymosis, testicular atrophy and shifting dullness on percussion of the abdomen. What best characterizes the anastomosis that forms the structure responsible for the patient’s abdominal findings?
The superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein.
The patient has shifting dullness on percussion of the abdomen consistent with ascites. Portal venous hypertension is a cause of ascites. The portal vein is formed from the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein
What is the name of palsy that occurs when the upper trunk of the brachial plexus (C5, C6) is injured?
Erb Duchenne Palsy
Which of the following is true of the external intercostal muscles?
A. They move the ribs superiorly
B. They are most active during expiration
C. They originate from the inferior surface of a rib, and insert onto the superior margin of the 2nd or 3rd rib below
D. They have the same actions as the internal intercostal muscles
A. They move the ribs superiorly
The eternal intercostal muscles move the ribs superiorly and are most active during inspiration.
They originate from the inferior margin of a rib and insert into the superior margin of the rib immediately below.
The internal intercostal muscles move the ribs inferiorly and are most active during expiration. They originate at the lateral edge of the costal groove of a rib and insert into the superior margin of the rib immediately below, just deep to the attachment of the external intercostal muscle of that space
Which nerve does the carpal tunnel transmit along with tendons?
Median nerve
A typical vertebra forms ____ symphyses and ___ synovial joints with other vertebrae.
Two, four
Vertebra forms two cartilaginous joints, symphyses by way of the IV disc - the vertebral bodies are joined by an intervertebral disc of fibrocartilage with the vertebra above and below
Vertebra also forms synovial joints at the zygapophyseal joints - forms two such joints with the vertebra above and two with the vertebra below
What are the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck?
The median vertical line of the neck
The inferior margin of the mandible
The anterior margin of the sternocleidomastoid
List the cranial ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Submandibular ganglion
Ciliary ganglion
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Otic ganglion
The spinal cord is segmented like the vertebral column, but in contrast to the vertebrae, there are only ____ cord segments
31
Which lesion in the brachial plexus would result in a claw hand with no sensory disturbances?
Distal ulnar nerve lesion
Proximal ulnar nerve lesion = claw hand with sensory deficits
Midlevel radial nerve lesion = wrist drop with sensory deficits
Proximal median nerve lesion = hand of benediction
What type of joint is the first carpometacarpal joint?
Saddle joint
What type of joint is the humeroulnar joint?
hinge joint - flexion and extension
What type of joint is the atlantoaxial joint (joint between the first and second vertebrae)?
pivot joint
What type of joint is the acetabulofemoral joint?
ball and socket joint
What is the most common site for an aneurysm of the brain arteries?
Anterior communicating artery
Which muscle of the larynx is innervated by the external laryngeal nerve?
Cricothyroid.
All other muscles of the larynx are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve - posterior cricoarytenoid, lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, aryepiglottic, thyroarytenoid, thyroepiglottic and vocal muscles
What is the name of a finger pathology that occurs with permanent flexion of the distal phalanx due to an avulsion of the lateral bands of the extensor tenson to the distal phalanx
Mallet finger
