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CNS Exam > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

Aging and CVD are correlated for several reasons. Which are TRUE?

  1. Impaired mitochondrial ATP production
  2. Decreased beta-adrenergic responsiveness
  3. Decreased Vascular stiffness
  4. Increased myocardial stiffness
A

1, 2, and 4 are TRUE

As people age, the experience INCREASED vascular stiffness.

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2
Q

Which mineral is found in shellfish, black pepper, parsley, dill seeds, and canned apple juice?

Boron
Vanadium
Molybdenum
Chromium

A

Vanadium

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3
Q

Which drug can cause HYPERglycemia, as opposed to the others that cause HYPOglycemia?

Amaryl
Glucotrol
Diabeta
Norvir

A

Norvir is a protease inhibitor that causes HYPER

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4
Q

Which is a medium Glycemic Index food (others are low)

Sweet potato
grapes
brown rice
Lima Beans

A

Sweet potato has GI of 61

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5
Q

Human breast milk has a high content of which two fatty acids?

Arachidonic and oleic
Palmitic and oleic
Linoleic and lauric
palmitic and linoleic

A

Palmitic and oleic

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6
Q

True or False

Saw Palmetto is useful for nausea in cancer survivors.

A

False

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7
Q

Which mineral is an antioxidant because it targets H2O2 in the body and converts it to water (via GPx)?

Zn
Se
Fe
Mg

A

Se

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8
Q

The following foods contain high amounts of which mineral?

Foods: Brazil nuts, tuna, poultry, meats, brown rice, sunflower seeds, mushrooms

Mg
Se
Fe
Zn

A

Se

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9
Q

3 core functions of community nutrition practice include all the following EXCEPT:

Public health assurance
Health Research
Policy development
Needs Assessment

A

Health Research is not a core function.

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10
Q

Which is a galactogogue that you could use with a breastfeeding mother?

Fenugreek
Chamomile
valerian
motherwort

A

Fenugreek

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11
Q

Alcohol abuse can lead to both primary and secondary malnutrition.

True or False

A

True

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12
Q

Which is a low potassium food (0-100mg/serving)?

Avocado
Beet Greens
Applesauce
Dried fruit

A

Applesauce

The rest are high potassium (>300mg)

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13
Q

Preseason training for athletes focuses on ______, and therefore does not require high carbs for high intensity.

Competing
Preparation

A

Preparation.

High cho for high intensity is for competing

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14
Q

Which method requires interviewing skills?

Daily food record
Food frequency questionnaire
Inpatient nutrient intake analysis
24 hour recall

A

24 hour recall….

requires asking pt questions about their intake to get as much detailed info from their memory

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15
Q

Dietary fiber is safe to take with minerals

True or False

A

FALSE…it antagonizes minerals, specifically Calcium

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16
Q

Which nutrients act as antioxidants and reduce reactive oxygen species?

Selenium
Vitamin A
Vitamin E
Vitamin C
Carotenoids
A

Selenium, A, E, C

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17
Q

Folate content of foods is NOT reduced by:

Acidity
Sunlight
Tannins
Cooking

A

Tannins

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18
Q

Which mineral interferes most with iron absorption?

Phosphorus
Magnesium
Copper
Calcium

A

Calcium

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19
Q

Which is the most sensitive indicator of iron deficiency?

TIBC
Ferritin
Circulating transferrin
Plasma iron

A

Ferritin

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20
Q

How many hours can breastmilk be safely at room temp?

1
4
8
12

A

8

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21
Q

Coltsfoot (tussilago farfara) is most often used to treat:

bruises and burns
cramps
toothache
headaches and sore throat

A

headaches and sore throat…

reduces flatulence, induces sweating, relieves heachache

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22
Q

Adolescents with high LDL should:

Limit overall fat to 30% of diet
Limit Saturated fat to 7%
Add psyllium to diet
Engage in 1 hour of vigorous exercise daily
All of the above
A

All of the above

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23
Q

Preconception folate requirement?

200 mcg
400 mcg
600mcg
800mcg

A

400

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24
Q

ACE inhibitors can cause which mineral deficiency?

Mg
Cu
Zn
Se

A

Zn

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25
Q

If a patient has dumping syndrome, they should have _____ protein, _______ starch, and _______ fats.

high, moderate, low
High, moderate, low
high, moderate, low

A

high, low, moderate

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26
Q

Neurotensin is a neurotransmitter that ______ the release of gastric emptying and acid secretions.

Inhibits
Stimulates

A

Inhibits

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27
Q

a Late clinical finding for Iron deficiency anemia is:

reduced immunocompetence
fatigue
gastritis
inadequate muscle function

A

Gastritis.

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28
Q

Which type of study would it be when a group of people are followed for a long period of time and have to report in at a specific interval for assessment?

Case-study
Cross sectional
Cohort
case-control

A

Cohort

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29
Q

Protease inhibitors are commonly found in:

soybeans and legumes
black and green teas
dairy products
grains and pseudograins

A

soybeans and legumes

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30
Q

Methylation occurs in which detox phase?

Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3

A

2 .. this is the primary method of removing toxins

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31
Q

Highest AGEs per serving?

Dried figs
Fruit roll up
Glazed donuts
oreos

A

Dried figs

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32
Q

Manganese absorption is NOT decreased by:

Iron
Calcium
Magnesium
Oxalates
Zinc
Phytic acid
A

Zinc

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33
Q

What is the minimum safe temperature for beef, pork, veal, and lamb?

145
135
155
165

A

145

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34
Q

Which mineral has an inverse relationship with silicon (meaning when one is high the other is low)?

Mo
B
Cr
V

A

Mo

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35
Q

Black males are at highest risk for HTN?

T or F

A

T

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36
Q

Resveratrol, curcumin, and ECG support _____ immunity while echinacea supports ________.

TH1, TH2
TH2, TH1

A

TH1, Th2

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37
Q

Lemongrass, hibiscus, and raspberry ___________ milk flow.

Improve
Reduce

A

Improve

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38
Q

Jasmine flower reduces milkflow.

T or F

A

True

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39
Q

Which mineral, found in pesticides, is related to Parkinson’s?

Se
Mo
Cr
Mn

A

Mn

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40
Q

Which drug suppress appetite?

Flagyl
Librium
Xanax
Paxil

A

Flagyl

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41
Q

Prior to surgery, avoid which of the following herbs?

Garlic
Ginkgo
Dong quai
Feverfew
Ginseng
All of these
A

All of these

42
Q

In order to spare muscle protein in acute renal failure, large intakes of which are recommended?

CHOs
CHOs in the form of glucose
Lipids
CHOs and Lipids

A

CHOs and Lipids

43
Q

Which occurs in metabolic alkalosis?

increased CO2
Decreased CO2
increased serum bicarb
decreased serum bicarb

A

increased serum bicarb

44
Q

Abnormal methane (CH4) production is considered in the pathogenesis of the following GI issues EXCEPT:

SIBO
Gastroparesis
IBD
Colon Cancer

A

Gastroparesis

45
Q

Which % of parkinson’s patients are disabled after 10 years?

40
50
75
80

A

80

46
Q

Dietary supplements are the most common form of integrative medicine practiced in the US.

True or False

A

True

47
Q

Which mineral is present in the outer layers and germ of the cereal grains and is removed during processing?

Folate
Magnesium
Calcium
Phosphorous

A

Magnesium

48
Q

How many milligrams of iron is recommended at the start of menses for a young girl?

10
15
18
27

A

15mg

49
Q

Smokers should add how many milligrams of Vitamin C to the RDA?

none
15
35
75

A

35mg

50
Q

What is the RDA for Vitamin C for a male?

50mg
75mg
90mg
100mg

A

90mg

51
Q

Vitamin C RDA for female?

50mg
75
90
100

A

75mg

52
Q

Which is a good source of DHA for those allergic to fish?

caviar
eggs
algae
flaxseed

A

Algae

53
Q

Premature graying could be caused by a deficiency of which?

EFAs or zinc
B12 or copper
protein or zinc
vitamin c

A

B12 and/or copper

54
Q

Which of the following does not cause hyponatremia?

SIADH (syndrome of inappropriate anti-diuretic 
      hormone secretion)
hyperlipidemia
adrenal insufficiency
hypoglycemia
A

hypoglycemia

3 basic causes of hyponatremia are hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypotonic hyponatremia caused by SIADH and adrenal issues

55
Q

Galactose is a disaccharide?

T or F

A

F…monosaccharide

56
Q

Which do you supplement for dyspepsia and hyperkalemia?

Zn
Ca
Na
Mg

A

Ca 500-1000mg

57
Q

Echinacea can cause ______ in cancer survivors.

Diarrhea
Constipation

A

Diarrhea

58
Q

Which is a 20 carbon fatty acid with 5 double bonds?

DHA
EPA
AA (arachidonic, or ARA)
ALA

A

EPA

59
Q

Dehalogenation, oxidation, and reduction reactions occur in which phase of liver detox?

Phase 1
Phase 2

A

Phase 1

60
Q

Sulfation occurs in …. of liver detox

Phase 1
Phase 2
Both

A

Phase 2

61
Q

Which type of diet might help osteopenia?

Anti-prolamin diet
Alkaline diet
low residue
low purine

A

Alkaline…as acidic accelerates bone loss

62
Q

Which is NOT a sign of selenium toxicity?

garlic breath
bleeding gums
skin rashes
brittle hair/nails

A

bleeding gums

63
Q

In patients with CKD presenting with edema, how much sodium daily is recommended?

1300mg
1500
1200
2000

A

1500mg

64
Q

Which B vitamins have a tolerable upper limit?

B2 and B3
Folate and B6
B12 and B6
Folate and B12

A

folate and B6

65
Q

TUL for Folate?

1000mcg/day
1500
500
2000

A

1000mcg/d

66
Q

TUL for B6?

50mg/d
100mg/d
150mg/d
200mg/d

A

100mg/d

67
Q

Examples of B1 requiring reactions are these EXCEPT:

malate dehydrogenase
pyrophosphokinase
dihydrolipoyl transacetylase
pyruvate dehyrodgenase

A

malate dehydrogenase

68
Q

Salicylate sensitivity symptoms….

headaches, brain fog, visual impairment
anxiety, nasal congestion, asthma
depression, lethargy, hand tremors
sneezing, joint pain, easy bruising

A

anxiety, nasal congestion, asthma

69
Q

These foods contain which compound? Apricots, apples, berries, cherries, dates, grapes

Oxalates
Salicylates
Bromelain
None of the above

A

Salicylates

70
Q

Breastmilk leaves and infants stomach in ____ hours, versus formula which takes ______ hours.

2, 5
1.5, 3-4
4, 2
1, 2.5

A

breastmilk=1.5

formula=3-4

71
Q

For it to be labelled “low calorie”, it must be equal to or less than ______ Kcal per serving

40
50
30
60

A

40

72
Q

EPA is an inhibitor of which:

fructose metabolism
glucose metabolism
fatty acid metabolism
Arachidonic acid metabolism

A

arachidonic acid metabolism…is suppressed and PGE2 is reduced

73
Q

Which SNP is most strongly associated with obesity?

FTO (fat mass and obesity)
ADRB3 (adrenergic receptor beta 3)
FABP2 (fatty acid binding protein 2)
POMC (proopiomelanocortin)

A

FTO

74
Q

Tart foods may help improve xerostomia for cancer patients.

True or false

A

True

75
Q

Which hormone released after stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system is associated with accelerating the formation of plaque?

cortisol
norepinephrine
angiotensin II
epinephrine

A

angiotensin II can contribute to CVD through this mechanism

76
Q

Which nutrient is needed for the transketolase in the Pentose Phosphate Pathway?

Folate
B5
Thiamin
Riboflavin

A

Thiamin

77
Q

Soy allergies are contraindicated with all the following drugs EXCEPT

Accupril
Phazyme
Accutane
Atrovent

A

Accupril. The rest contain soy derivatives

78
Q

Which nutrient is lost most rapidly during dialysis?

B12
folate
Vit C
B3

A

Folate

79
Q

Which is the closest in terms of absorbable calcium to 1 cup of milk?

4 cups cooked red beans
4 cups cooked pinto beans
4 cups cooked spinach
4 cups sweet potatoes cooked

A

4 cups pinto beans

80
Q

Which of the following classes of medications chelates iron, inhibits its absorption, inhibits potassium excretion, and increases urinary zinc excretion?

antibiotics
antacids
antidepressants
ACE inhibitors

A

ACE inhibitors

81
Q

Which amino acid are used to synthesize creatine?

Tyrosine and leucine
isoleucine, threonine, and histidine
glycine, arginine, and methionine
glutamine and methionine

A

glycine, arginine, methionine

82
Q

Large doses of which vitamin have the potential to compete with biotin for uptake human sodium dependent multivitamin transporter (hSMVT)?

Niacin
Pantothenic acid
Thiamin
B12

A

Pantothenic acid

83
Q

Diamine oxidase (DAO) activity is stimulated by

folate and calcium
meat and alcohol
wheat products
olive oil

A

meat and alcohol

Increased DAO activity linked to increased risk for colorectal cancer

84
Q

Marinol and Cesamet are the two RX CBDs available.

True or False

A

True

85
Q

Quinapril (Accupril) contains nutritionally significant amounts of:

Na
Ca
Mg
Vit A

A

Mg (50-200mg provided daily by the drug)

86
Q

Which is needed in glycogenolysis?

B6
B2
B3
B5

A

b6 is needed for rate limiting step of glycogen phosphorylase

87
Q

Uremia may be a sign of which stage renal dz?

stage 1
stage 2
stage 3
end-stage

A

end-stage

88
Q

Iodine deficiency can be exacerbated by which nutrient

Vitamin A
Selenium
Iron
All of the above

A

All of the above

89
Q

Von Willebrand disease affects:

blood clotting
Gallbladder health
Dental health
vision

A

blood clotting

90
Q

All of the following should be avoided in patients with Von Willebrand disease due to their affect on blood thinning, EXCEPT:

ginkgo
vitamin D
fish oil
vitamin E

A

Vitamin D does not affect blood clotting like the others

91
Q

Safe temp for cooking salmon to:

135
145
155
165

A

145

92
Q

Apples contain _______ which can help with a niacin flush.

Bromelain
Quercetin
Pectin
Glucose

A

Quercetin

93
Q

Which is the only carbohydrate known to increase the production of uric acid and the urinary excretion of uric acid?

Glucose
Lactose
Fructose
Maltose

A

Fructose

94
Q

Which food borne illness is not destroyed by cooking?

E coli
Salmonella
Staphylococcus aureus
Clostridium botulinum

A

Staph a

95
Q

Which mineral is present in every cell of the body?

Calcium
Phosphorus
Magnesium
Zinc

A

Phosphorus (phospholipid bilayer)

96
Q

Which mineral may enhance the use of non-heme iron?

Zn
Se
Mg
Ni

A

Nickel

97
Q

Peak bone mass is reached by age:

18
25
30
35

A

30

98
Q

Respiratory quotient for CHOs is

1
2
0.5
0.8

A

1

RQ= CO2 expired/O2 consumed

99
Q

Anthracyclines (cancer drugs) inhibit the synthesis of which nutrient:

L-carnitine
Glutamine
CoQ10
Glutathione

A

CoQ10

100
Q

All of the following factors impact p-value except

bias
magnitude effect
variability
sample size

A

bias

CNS Exam (2 decks)

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