General Flashcards by Ann Awini

What does the latin abbreviation ac on a prescription mean?

Ante cibum- Before food

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What symptoms with sodium valproate require urgent medical attention and why?

Abdo pain, nausea, vomiting due to drug induced pancreatitis.

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What does the abbreviation p.c mean on a prescription?

Post cibum (after food)

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How many prescription charges for the same drug with the same formulation, but different strengths?

One

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Which antisecretory drug may cause severe diarrhoea which may require withdrawal of the drug?

Misoprostol

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Which drugs does smoking increase the metabolism of?

Theophylline 
Clozapine 
Ropinorole
Warfarin 
Insulin

Smoking itself is an enzyme inducer

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How many prescription charges for the same drug with 2 different formulation formulations?

Two

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How long should the electronic pharmacy log (RP log) be kept?

5 years from the day the record was created

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What is a common side effect of amlodipine?

Oedema

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What is the recommended compression-ventilation ratio for CPR?

30:2

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How long should records for CD prescriptions of patient returned medicines be kept?

7 years

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What type of headache does this describe?

Rapid onset headaches around an eye with possible associated unilateral photophobia, redness, lid swelling and nasal stuffiness. These are recurrent and could last for a couple of weeks.

Cluster headache

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What type of headache does this describe?

Throbbing unilateral headache which lasts 3 hours and is associated with possible photophobia, phonophobia, aura and vomiting.

Migraine

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What type of headache does this describe?

Dull, throbbing headache in the upper half of the face which is made worse on bending down. It can also be associated with halitosis and pain, swelling and tenderness around the eyes, cheeks and forehead.

Sinus headache

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What is the fear of enclosed spaces?

Agoraphobia

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What are some common side effects of beta agonists (e.g salbutamol)?

Hypokalaemia

Tachycardia

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If a patient came to buy Tamsulosin P medicine, what reason would prove the most urgent need for referral?

Cloudy urine- sign of an infection and this needs to be handled ASAP

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What are the key side effects associated with antipsychotics?

Cardiac problems- arrhythmias, hypotension

QT prolongation can occur with pimozine and haloperidol, IV and high dose- can cause sudden death.

Hyperglycaemia + diabetes (2nd generation more likely to cause this)

weight gain- esp. clozapine and olanzapine.

Photo sensitivity with high doses- avoid sunlight

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

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What is a side effect of finasteride that requires immediate treatment cessation?

Depression + suicidal thoughts.

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How can gout be described?

Severe pain: red inflamed and feels warm
Commonly affects the large toe but may also affect the ankles, heels, knees, wrists, fingers and elbows. Commonly occurs at night and may last 3-10 days.

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What is hyperhidrosis?

Excessive sweating

What is hypertrichosis?

Excessive body hairs

What is hyperaesthesia?

Excessive sensitivity in the skin

What does the abbreviation unguents mean?

Means ointment

What is paraesthesia?

Pins and needles

What does a 'freshly prepared' extemporaneous product mean?

made maximum 24 hours before it is used

What does a 'recently prepared' extemporaneous product mean?

made maximum 4 weeks before it is used

What are the frequencies of side effects descriptions?

Very common---- greater than 1 in 10 Common ----------- 1 in 10 to 1 in 100 Uncommon-------- 1 in 100 to 1 in 1,000 Rare-------------------1 in 1,000 to 1 in 10,000 Very rare------------ less than 1 in 10,000

Which drug should be protected from light during infusions to prevent oxidisation?

sodium nitroprusside

What is the maximum fluid replacement in children?

2400ml

What age is a neonate?

0-28 days old

What drug can become toxic in liver disease?

Phenytoin and warfarin due to low albumin levels in liver disease.

What are the issues with liver disease?

Reduced clotting Fluid overload Hypoproteinaemia

What is the classification of CKD?

normal/high---------------------egfr>90 ml/min mild impairment/ normal-----60-89 ml/min mild to moderate---------------45-59 ml/min moderate to severe-----------30-44 ml/min severe -----------------------------15-29ml/min kidney failure------------------egfr<15 ml/min

Which opioid doses are equivalent to oral morphine 10mg?

``` Hydromorphone (PO) 2mg Diamorphine (IM/IV/SC) 3mg Morphine (IM/SC/IV) 5mg Oxycodone (PO) 6.6mg dihydrocodeine, codeine, tramadol (PO) 100mg ```

What are the buprenorphine patches 24 hour equivalent doses to oral morphine?

Buprenorphine '5' patch ---- morphine 12mg daily Buprenorphine '10' patch ---- morphine 24mg daily Buprenorphine '20' patch ----- morphine 48mg daily * *NOTE: multiples of 12mg per '5' patch * *NOTE: available in 72 hourly, 96 hourly and 7 day patches.

What are the fentanyl patches 72 hour equivalent doses to oral morphine?

Fentanyl '12' patch --- morphine 30mg daily Fentanyl '25' patch --- morphine 60mg daily Fentanyl '50' patch --- morphine 120mg daily **NOTE: multiples of 30mg per approx '12' patch

What medicines are used to reduce secretions in palliative care?

Glycopyrronium and hyoscine

What medicines are used for nausea and vomitting in palliative care?

Levomepromazine, metoclopramise, haloperidol

Which medicines are contraindicated in syringe drivers?

prochlorperazine, chlorpromazine, diazepam - skin reactions. To a lesser extent: cyclizine and levomepromazine

Which medicine is the pain drug of choice in a syringe driver?

Diamorphine- soluble so you can use smaller volumes for higher doses

Which medicines can be used for restlessness and agitation in palliative care?

Midazolam, levomepromazine, haloperidol

What are the issues with solvent use in a syringe driver?

WFI can cause pain but NaCl can cause precipitation

Which drugs commonly cause photosensitivity?

``` Amiodarone Doxycycline Retinoids tacrolimus co-trimoxazole chloroquine, quinine quinolone (e.g ciprofloxacin) ```

What drug should be dispensed with warning card?

Warfarin Steroids Lithium MAOIs

Can bonjela be sold to children?

Not to children under 16- risk of Reyes due to salicylate content. NOTE: there is a bonjela junior that doesn't contain salicylates that can be given to children 5 months +

What is a normal BMI?

18.5 - 24.9

Which medicines should be stopped in AKI?

DAMN Diuretics ACE/ARB Metformin NSAIDs

What are the signs of hepatotoxicity

``` pale stools dark urine jaundice abdo pain (upper right) pruritus (itching) weight loss, N+V ```

What is the role of dexamethasone in palliative care

Relieves pain caused by nerve compression | Improves appetite

Which drugs may precipitate when given with diamorphine in a syringe driver?

cyclizine if conc >10mg/ml haloperidol if conc >2mg/ml

What are the different adrenaline doses for the different ages?

Child 5 years and below- 150 micrograms Child 6-11 years- 300 micrograms Child 12-17 years- 500 mcg (300 if child is small) Adult- 500 micrograms Repeat ever 5 minutes as needed