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Small Animal Oncology > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common form of lymphoma in the dog?

A

Multicentric

Ddx leishmania - cause of lymphadenopathy in the dog

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2
Q

What forms of lymphoma are there in the dog?

A 
Multi centric
Craniomediastinal 
Alimentary
Cutaneous
Extra nodal
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3
Q

How does GI lymphoma present?

A

Weight loss
Anorexia
Panhypoproteniaemia - PLE

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4
Q

How does cutaneous lymphoma present?

A

Raised, erythematosus plaques / nodules, variable pruritus

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5
Q

What form of lymphoma has a poor response to chemotherapy?

A

Cutaneous lymphoma

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6
Q

Where do extra-nodal forms of lymphoma occur?

A 
Hepatosplenic 
CNS - brain and ocular
Kidney 
Urinary bladder
Heart 
Muscle
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7
Q

What types of lymphoma cause hypercalcaemia of malignancy?

A

Mediastinal

GI

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8
Q

What paraneoplastic syndromes are associated with lymphoma?

A 
Hypercalcaemia of malignancy
IMHA
IMTP
Pemphigus
Monoclonal gammopathies
Cachexia
Neuropathies
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9
Q

How stages of lymphoma are there?

A 
1 - single lymph node involvement / lymphoid tissue
2 - regional lymph node involvement 
3 - generalise lymph node involvement 
4 - spleen and liver involvement 
5 - cells in the blood or bone marrow
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10
Q

How can you stage lymphoma?

A 
Haematology
Biochemistry
Aspirate or biopsy of the lymph nodes / organs
Radiography
Ultrasound
Bone marrow biopsy
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11
Q

What drugs are in a COP protocol?

A

Cyclophosphamide + vincristine + prednisolone

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12
Q

What drugs are in a discontinuous CHOP / CEOP?

A

Cyclophosphamide + doxorubicin + vincristine + prednisolone
= CHOP

Cyclophosphamide + epirubicin + vincristine + prednisolone
= CEOP - more frequently used - better efficacy and reduced cardio toxicity

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13
Q

What side effects are associated with chemotherapy?

A

GI toxicity - vomiting, diarrhoea, nausea
Myelosuppression - neutropenia, thrombocytopaenia, anaemia
Sterile haemorrhagic cystitis - cyclophosphamide
Hepatotoxicity - lomustine
Cardio toxicity - epirubicin and doxorubicin o

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14
Q

How can you treat mast cell tumours in the dog?

A

Grade I and II - complete surgical excision

Grade III - complete surgical excision and chemotherapy

  • vincristine and prednisolone
  • lomustine
  • Toceranib and mastinib = tyrosine kinase inhibitors - licensed
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15
Q

What forms of lymphoma are seen in the cat?

A

Multi centric - uncommon
Mediastinal
Alimentary
Extra nodal - CNS, renal, nasal, cutaneous

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16
Q

What is the most common form of lymphoma in cats?

A

Alimentary lymphoma

17
Q

What is the most common form of extra nodal lymphoma in the cat?

A

CNS lymphoma

18
Q

What is the best method of diagnosing lymphoma in the cat?

A

Biopsy and histopathology
Cytology not very useful as the lymphoma tends to be a lower grade

Lymph node masses - excisional biopsy
Extra Nodal - wedge biopsy

19
Q

What additional chemotherapy protocol is there for Lymphoma in cats?

A

COAP - cyclophosphamide + vincristine + cytarabine + prednisolone

Small Animal Oncology (3 decks)

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