General Flashcards
Most planted white grape
Chenin Blanc (Steen)
- 18.6% of total plantings
Jan van Riebeeck
- Of the Dutch East India Company
- Founded Cape Town
- 1655: est. SA’s 1st vineyard
Muscat Blanc á Petits Grains
Synonym
Muscat de Frontignan or Muscadel
Year KWV (Ko-operatieve Wijnbouwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika) formed
1918
- With the support of 90% of South Africa’s growers
KWV
KWV (Ko-operatieve Wijnbouwers Vereniging van Zuid-Afrika)
- Cooperative of wine producers and growers
- Formed as a result of plummeting prices and over-supply
- Fixed minimum prices, determined areas of production and established production limits
Year KWV transformed into a wine company
1997
End of apartheid
1994
SAWIT
Year Est.
South African Wine Industry Trust (SAWIT)
- est 1999
- Speed transformation of South African wine
- Empower black workers in an industry that had long relied on slave- and arpatheid-era labor practices
Growth in exports from 1994 to 2005 to 2017
- 1994: 56 million liters
- 2005: 280 million liters
- 5 x the amount exported in 1994
- 2017: 448.5 million liters
- 8 x the amount exported in 1994
Year Wine of Origin (WO) system was it introduced
The Wine of Origen (WO) sytem
- Introduced in 1973
- Compels producers seeking certification to submit a sample of the wine for evaluation by a tasting panel, which confirms that the wine shows the correct organoleptic qualitites for its cultivar (variety) and age
- Wine also undergoes scientific analysis
Number of cultivars (varieties) authorized by Wine of Origin (WO)
appx 90
WO Label Requirements (as of 2006)
- Varietal:
- Vintage:
- Area:
- Varietal: 85%
- Vintage: 85%
- Area: 100%
4 types of production areas, in descending order of size
- Geographical unit
- Region
- District
- Ward
Single Vineyard Wine
6 ha or less
6 large Geographical Areas
- Western Cape
- Northern Cape
- Eastern Cape
- Kwazulu-Natal
- Limpopo
- Free State
1 Ward of the Eastern Cape
St. Francis Bay
6 Regions of the Western Cape
*All SA Regions located in the Western Cape
- Coastal Region
- Cape South Coast
- Breede River Valley
- Klein Karoo
- Olifants River
- Boberg
5 production areas of the Northern Cape
-
Districts (w/o a region)
- Douglas
- Sutherland-Karoo
-
Wards (w/o a district)
- Central Orange River (formerly Lower Orange)
- Hartswater
- Prieska
Western Cape’s southernmost district
Cape Agulhas
- Coolest climate in the country; vs Northern Cape areas along the Orange River which experience a hot, arid climate and are generally only suitable for bulk wines
Stellenbosch district’s two most planted varietals
Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon Blanc
- Followed by Merlot, Shiraz, and Chenin Blanc
7 wards within the Stellenbosch district
W to E
- Polkadraai Hills
- Bottelary
- Devon Valley
- Papegaaiberg
- Simonsberg-Stellenbosch
- Jonkershoek Valley
- Banghoek
District home to the KWV (founding partner in SAWIT)
Paarl (“pearl”)
Paarl district’s largest producer
Nederburg
- Over 40 bottlings in its range
- 1st house to produce a botrytised dessert wine in South Africa
1st house to produce a botrytised dessert wine in South Africa
Nederburg
- Paarl district’s largest producer with over 40 bottlings in its range
1st year of the Nederburg Wine Auction
1975
Year Franschhoek Valley acheive status as a separate district apart from Paarl
2010
- 2012 - Wellington followed with its own district status
Grape used to make Constantia
Muscat Blanc a Petits Grain
- aka Muscat de Frontignan or Muscadel
2nd most planted white grape in South Africa
Chardonnay
- after Chenin Blanc
Cape Doctor
- Strong SE wind that blows through the Western Cape in the Spring and Summer
- Inhibits fungal disease and moderates temperatures
Teinturier grape used in Constantia
Pontac
Hanepoot
Muscat of Alexandria
River that runs through the Northern Cape
Orange River
Cape Riesling
Crouchen Blanc
Boberg
- Fortified Wines
- Paarl, Franschhoek, Tulbagh, Wellington
2 districts responsible for 25% of SA’s wine and spirits and 20% of the nation’s acreage
Worcester & Breedekloof
- Breede River Valley region
Free State
1 Ward (w/o District)
Rietrivier FS
What does the seal indicate?
- Appears on each bottle of wine or estate brandy which has been certified by the Wine and Spirit Board
- Guarantees origin, cultivar, vintage
- Identification numbers indicate the strict control by the Wine and Spirit Board, from pressing of the grapes to certifying the final product
Total ha are under cultivation in South Africa
- 95,545 ha
- appx. 800km in length
% of Total plantings
- white grapes
- red grapes
- white grapes: 55.2% of total plantings
- red grapes: 44.8% of total plantings
% of Total Plantings
Chenin Blanc
18.6%
Most planted red variety
Cabernet Sauvignon
- Cabernet Sauvignon 11%
- Shiraz 10.3%
- Pinotage 7.4%
- Merlot 5.8%
% of Total Plantings
Shiraz
10.3%
- Cabernet Sauvignon 11%
- Shiraz 10.3%
- Pinotage 7.4%
- Merlot 5.8%
4 most planted red grapes
- Cabernet Sauvignon 11%
- Shiraz 10.3%
- Pinotage 7.4%
- Merlot 5.8%
Number of people employed in the South African wine industry
appx. 300,000
- both directly and indirectly, farmers, packaging, retailing, wine tourism
Amount of money the South African wine industry grosses annually
R36.1 Billion
- R19.3 Billion remain in Western Cape for the benefit of its residents
% of growth in GDP (gross domestic product) since 2003
10%
South Africa rank in world wide production
7th
South Africa % of world wide wine production
3.9%
Production % of total annual grape harvest
- Wine:
- Wine for brandy:
- Distilled wine:
- Grape juice concentrate:
- Wine: 82.1%
- Wine for brandy: 4.3%
- Distilled wine: 10.2%
- Grape juice concentrate: 3.4%
Number of liters exported in 2017
448.5 million litres
- Increased 4.7%
Jerepigo
- Fortified unfermented grape juice, mistelle
‘MCC’
Method Cap Classique
- Classic Champagne Method, 2nd fermentation in the bottle
- Term Cap Classique has been used since 1992
- 9 mo lees
White Muscadel
- Fortified wine
- Mostly made from Muscat d’Alexandrie
- appx 150-200 g/l rs
- appx 17% abv
-
Producers:
- Nuy Red Muscadel
- Orange River White Muscadel
- Graham Beck Rhona Muscadel
- Rietvallei Muscadel 1908
Fortified Muscadel Producers
- Nuy Red Muscadel
- Orange River White Muscadel
- Graham Beck Rhona Muscadel
- Rietvallei Muscadel 1908
MCC
Aging requirements
9 months on lees
