General Flashcards
Antibodies, enzymes and hormones are examples of what kind of macromolecule?
Protein
What is the primary structure of a protein?
Peptide bonds that form the polypeptide chain.
What is the secondary structure of a protein?
The coiling or folding of the polypeptide chain into an alpha helix or a beta pleated sheet.
What is the tertiary structure of a protein?
The folding or coiling of an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet structure.
What is the quaternary structure of a protein?
Two or more polypeptide chains are bonded together into a globular or fibrous structure.
Globular: 2 alpha and 2 beta
Fibrous: 3 chains
What is a prion?
An infectious protein that denatures other proteins in mammals and fungi, causing those proteins to become infectious.
What is a structural isomer?
An isomer with different covalent bonds, changing the shape of the molecule. For example, a butane molecule can be a chain or a t-shape.
What is a geometric isomer?
The molecule’s ligands are arranged differently. For example, cis isomers have two ligands on one side, and trans isomers have the two ligands on opposite sides.
Polymerization is a condensation reaction. What is the other term for this type of reaction?
Dehydration reaction
What process is the opposite of polymerization?
Hydrolysis
From smallest to largest area:
Molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organ systems…
Organisms
Communities
Ecosystems
Biosphere
What is a glycosidic linkage?
A bond formed between monosaccharides, or carbohydrate rings.
