General Flashcards
What causes prolapse?
Child birth
Worse with miltip and large baby and prolonged labour
What is an enterocele?
When there is a prolapse and the peritoneal sac containing small intestine bulges into the vagina
When is a woman considered menopausal?
When she is of menopausal age and has not had periods for 6 months
What investigations might you do for post menopausal bleeding?
Examination
USS - look for thickened endometrium
Hysteroscopy and directed biopsy
What is the average age of the menopause?
51-52
What is endometriosis?
Growth of endometrial tissue in sites other than the uterine cavity
What hormone is endometriosis dependant on?
Oestrogen
What is adenomyosis?
Invasion of myometrium with endometrial tissue
What conditions is endometriosis associated with (caused by it)?
Chronic pelvic pain
Dyspareunia
Female infertility
How prevalent is endometriosis in women of reproductive age?
5-10%
What are the risk factors for endometriosis?
Early menarche/ late menopause Short menstrual cycles Long periods Delayed child bearing First degree relative with it
What are the protective factors against endometriosis
Multiparity
Oral contraceptives
What causes endometriosis?
They don’t know
?retrograde menstruation
Lymphatic spead
?metaplasia
What are the common symptoms of endometriosis?
Dysmenorrhea
Dysparunia
Cyclical of chronic pelvic pain
Sub fertility
What is the gold standard for the diagnosis of enndometriosis?
Laparoscopy
