General & 3 Types of Muscles

Question 1

What is the main function of muscles?

Answer 1

To contract and shorten

Question 2

How much of our full body mass is made up by muscles?

Answer 2

40% mass by muscle

Question 3

What are the 3 types of muscles?

Answer 3

1. Skeletal
2. Smooth
3. Cardiac

Question 4

Of the 3 types of muscles, which 2 are elongated? (2)

Answer 4

1. Skeletal

2/ Smooth

Question 5

What does “myo-“ or “mys-“ mean?

Answer 5

Muscle

Question 6

Describe skeletal muscles. (3)

Answer 6

1. Multinucleated
2. Striated
3. Voluntary - the only type that is

Question 7

How are skeletal muscle fibers enclosed? (2)

Answer 7

1. In a connective tissue sheath = endomysium

2. Endomysium is wrapped by perimysium

Question 8

What is the bundle formed by the muscle fibers, endomysium, and perimysium called?

Answer 8

Fascicle

Question 9

What binds the fascicles together?

Answer 9

Tough overcoat of connective tissue called an epimysium

Question 10

What is the main purpose of tendon?

Answer 10

To indirectly attach muscle to bone, cartilage, and other connective tissue covering

Question 11

List 3 features of tendons. (3)

Answer 11

1. Provides durability and conserves space
2. Made up of mostly tough collagen fibers
3. Can pass over a bony surface (projections) since they are small in size

Question 12

Describe smooth muscles. (3)

Answer 12

1. No striations
2. Involuntary
3. Uninucleated

Question 13

What is the main function of smooth muscles?

Answer 13

Propel substances along a pathway (eg. digestive tract)

Question 14

What is the distinction between the 2 layers of smooth muscle?

Answer 14

One runs circularly and one runs longitudinally

Question 15

Where is smooth muscle found?

Answer 15

Walls of hollow visceral organs (eg. stomach, urinary bladder, respiratory passages)

Question 16

What happens as smooth muscles contract and relax?

Answer 16

They change the size and shape of the organs

Question 17

Describe cardiac muscles. (3)

Answer 17

1. Involuntary
2. Uninucleated
3. Striated

Question 18

Where is cardiac muscle found?

Answer 18

Only in the heart

Question 19

How are cardiac cells cushioned and how are they arranged? (2)

Answer 19

1. Cushioned by small amounts of endomysium

2. Arranged in spiral or figure 8 shaped buncles