General Flashcards
Describe Somerset’s success and failure in religion.
Success: 1549- introduced the moderate Book of Common Prayer. Dissolution of the Chantries- gained money.
Failure: Approach to religious reform was perhaps too cautious. Catholics opposed religious reform.
Describe Somerset’s success and failure in foreign policy.
Success: Took direct action in Scotland.
Failure: Failed campaign in Scotland, expense of garrisoning.
Describe Somerset’s success and failure in economy.
Success: sold off monastic lands to raise funds.
Failure: Debased the coinage multiple times to raise capital. Increased taxes. Extravagant lifestyle.
Describe Somerset’s success and failure in social influence.
Success: heard the cases of the poor. Refused to allow anybody to be burned or tortured. Progressive social policy (rents and enclosures). Criticised wealth seeking men.
Failure: 1549 rebellions. Not just isolated incidents necessarily. Views on social justice alienated the aristocracy.
Describe Northumberland’s success and failure in religion.
Success: officially established Protestantism and eliminated Catholic elements. Second book of common prayer and Second act of uniformity (1552). Utilised church wealth.
Failure: success was built on Somersets former policies. Declared himself Catholic on his deathbed.
Describe Northumberland’s success and failure in foreign policy.
Success: it was sensible and politically suitable to end the war- Treaty of Boulogne.
Failure: Now could not go to war with Scotland unless provoked (blow to morale). Little chance of uniting England and Scotland. Sorted out problems but did not progress.
Describe Northumberland’s success and failure in economy.
Success: ended debasement after 1 last time in 1551. Gained money from Boulogne as part of the Treaty. Reduced expenditure by cutting costs of church and crown spending. Began to clear the debt but didn’t have enough time to see this through.
Failure: did resort to debasement.
Describe Northumberland’s success and failure in social unrest.
Success: wasn’t a friend of the people but his policies were perhaps more effective as a result. Much fairer and worked with his council more.
Failure: succession crisis- stupid move. Coup against the conservatives was a ruthless move.
Describe Mary Tudor’s success and failure in religion.
Success: The majority of the population was Catholic by 1558. She successfully removed Protestant clergy. People willingly donated to the restoration of the Church.
Failure: Burning of heretics resulted in unpopularity. Lack of manpower in the church. Break with Rome. Cardinal Pile accused of heresy.
Describe Mary Tudor’s success and failure in foreign policy.
Success: Militia and naval reform. Powerful alliance with Phillip of Spain. Administration of the country improved.
Failure: War with France as a result of the dominance of Philip. Anti-Spanish Pope marriage weakened Spanish relations.
BUT: Foreign policy was in a stable state.
Describe Mary Tudor’s success and failure in economy.
Success: New Book of Rates. Recoinage plans (completed under Elizabeth). Debt could have been a lot higher considering war. Put an end to Edwards subsidies BUT a failure?
Failure: Still substantial debts. May have just built on plans put in place by Northumberland.
Describe Mary Tudor’s success and failure in social unrest.
Success: Suppressed the Wyatts rebellion with relative ease. Poor relief. Pasture land converted to tillage. Urban outlook for reforms.
Failure: Wyatts rebellion. Mary’s success weakened by problems of 1556- eg influenza, harvest failures, taxation.
Was there a mid-Tudor crisis?
Yes
-Poor harvests.
- War leads to high spending under Somerset with france and Scotland and under Mary.
- High inflation coupled with high unemployment (debasement).
- The fall of the Antwerp cloth market.
- Three major rebellions.
- Constant faction at court due to lack of effectual leadership- a minor and then a weak woman.
- LJG on the throne caused upset in the succession.
- Crisis in the church- not enough clergy.
- Flu epidemic.
- Loss of Boulogne and Calais.
- Edwards death and Mary’s failure at an heir.
- Confusion surrounding the religion of the country.
What there a mid-Tudor crisis?
No
- Henry VIIIs will was upheld.
- All of the rebellions were squashed easily.
- System government did not break down- no revolution.
- Ideas about a social crisis pertain the whole of the Tudor period.
- Cloth market recovered from Antwerp crash.
- No constant economic crisis.
- Second part of Mary’s reign was fairly peaceful.
- Many factors were out of the monarchs control.
- After Somerset, the economy was improved.
- Only ever small pockets of disturbance not a crisis.
