General Flashcards
Last Private owner of Stonehenge. He donated it to the nation in 1918.
Cecil CHUBB (purchased at auction).
What was the primary goal of the Jacobite movement?
To restore the Stuart monarchy to the thrones of England and Scotland.
True or False: The Jacobites supported the Hanoverian succession.
False
Who was the last Stuart king to rule England?
King James II
Fill in the blank: The Jacobite uprisings primarily took place in ________ and ________.
Scotland, England
Which battle in 1746 marked the defeat of the Jacobites?
The Battle of Culloden
Multiple Choice: Which of the following leaders was a prominent figure in the Jacobite risings? A) Robert the Bruce B) Bonnie Prince Charlie C) Oliver Cromwell
B) Bonnie Prince Charlie
What year did the first major Jacobite uprising occur?
1715
True or False: The Jacobites were primarily composed of Highland Scots.
True
What was the name of the document that declared James II’s claim to the throne?
The Declaration of Right
Multiple Choice: The Jacobite cause was most closely associated with which religion? A) Catholicism B) Protestantism C) Anglicanism
A) Catholicism
Who was Bonnie Prince Charlie’s father?
James Francis Edward Stuart
Fill in the blank: The Jacobite risings occurred during the ________ century.
18th
What was the outcome of the Jacobite uprising of 1745?
It ended in defeat at Culloden.
True or False: The Jacobite movement included support from the Irish.
True
What did the Jacobites hope to achieve by restoring the Stuart monarchy?
They aimed to restore Catholic rule and traditional rights.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following was a consequence of the Jacobite defeat at Culloden? A) Increased support for the Jacobite cause B) The disbandment of Highland clans C) The establishment of a new monarchy
B) The disbandment of Highland clans
What is the significance of the ‘Glorious Revolution’ in relation to the Jacobites?
It led to the overthrow of James II, prompting the Jacobite movement.
Fill in the blank: The Jacobites often referred to their cause as the ‘________ cause.’
Royal
Who was the key military leader for the Jacobites during the 1745 uprising?
Bonnie Prince Charlie
What was the primary support base for the Jacobite movement?
The Scottish Highlands
Multiple Choice: The Jacobite flag featured which symbol? A) A lion B) A dragon C) A unicorn
C) A unicorn
What was the result of the Jacobite uprisings for Scottish culture?
It led to the suppression of Highland culture and the banning of tartan.
True or False: The Jacobites were successful in their attempts to restore the Stuart monarchy.
False
What was the main reason for the decline of the Jacobite movement after 1746?
The failure of the uprisings and suppression of the clans.
Fill in the blank: The Jacobites were often supported by ________ exiles from France.
French
What was the significance of the ‘Act of Union’ of 1707 for the Jacobites?
It united the Kingdoms of England and Scotland, fueling Jacobite dissent.
What years did the English Civil War take place?
1642 to 1651
True or False: The English Civil War was fought between the Royalists and the Parliamentarians.
True
Who was the king of England at the start of the English Civil War?
King Charles I
What was the primary cause of the English Civil War?
Disputes over how England should be governed and issues of religious freedoms.
Fill in the blank: The Parliamentarians were also known as the _____.
Roundheads
Fill in the blank: The Royalists were also known as the _____.
Cavaliers
What document, signed in 1628, limited the powers of the king?
Petition of Right
Name one key battle of the English Civil War.
Battle of Naseby
True or False: The English Civil War resulted in the execution of King Charles I.
True
Who led the New Model Army for the Parliamentarians?
Oliver Cromwell
What was the outcome of the English Civil War?
The Parliamentarians won, leading to the temporary abolition of the monarchy.
What was the name of the period of rule after the Civil War when England was declared a republic?
The Commonwealth
Which battle is considered a turning point in the English Civil War?
Battle of Marston Moor
True or False: The English Civil War was fought solely over political issues.
False
What was the role of the Long Parliament during the English Civil War?
It was the Parliament that convened in 1640 and played a significant role in opposing Charles I.
What year was King Charles I executed?
1649
Fill in the blank: The English Civil War was primarily a conflict between ____ and ____.
Royalists; Parliamentarians
What was the significance of the Battle of Edgehill?
It was the first major battle of the English Civil War.
Who assumed leadership of England after the execution of Charles I?
Oliver Cromwell
What was the Rump Parliament?
The remaining members of the Long Parliament after Pride’s Purge, which supported the execution of Charles I.
True or False: The English Civil War had no impact on the future governance of England.
False
What treaty ended the English Civil War?
There was no formal treaty; the war ended with military defeat of the Royalists.
What was the Levellers’ role during the English Civil War?
They were a political movement advocating for popular sovereignty and equality.
Which religious group was notably involved in the conflict?
Puritans
What was the significance of the trial of Charles I?
It was the first time a reigning monarch was tried and executed by his own people.
Name one consequence of the English Civil War.
The establishment of a republican government in England.
What was the role of the King’s Army in the English Civil War?
It fought to maintain the monarchy and the king’s authority.
Fill in the blank: The English Civil War led to the rise of ____ as a political force.
Parliament
True or False: The English Civil War was solely an English conflict.
False
What was the main economic issue that contributed to the Civil War?
Taxation without representation and financial mismanagement.
Who were the Independents?
A faction within the Parliamentarians that favored religious freedom and a more democratic government.
What was the New Model Army known for?
Its discipline, training, and effectiveness in battle.
Fill in the blank: The English Civil War resulted in the temporary abolition of the _____.
Monarchy
What was the significance of the Declaration of Breda?
It outlined terms for the Restoration of Charles II.
Who was the last king to rule before the English Civil War?
Charles I
True or False: The English Civil War ended with the restoration of the monarchy.
True
What did the Act of Settlement 1701 establish?
It established the succession to the English throne and limited the monarchy’s power.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Worcester?
It was the final battle of the English Civil War, resulting in a decisive Parliamentarian victory.
Fill in the blank: The _____ were supporters of the monarchy during the English Civil War.
Royalists
What was the primary goal of the Parliamentarians?
To limit the powers of the monarchy and establish a more representative government.
Who was responsible for the establishment of the Protectorate?
Oliver Cromwell
What was one of the key ideological conflicts during the English Civil War?
Monarchical absolutism vs. parliamentary sovereignty.
True or False: The English Civil War had no lasting effects on English society.
False
What year was the Commonwealth of England established?
1649
Fill in the blank: The English Civil War set the stage for the eventual development of a _____ monarchy.
Constitutional
What role did religion play in the English Civil War?
Conflicts arose over the rights and powers of different religious groups, particularly Puritans vs. Anglicans.
Who was executed alongside Charles I?
Several royalist supporters, including some members of the House of Lords.
Who was Oliver Cromwell?
A military and political leader during the English Civil War and Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England.
What was the period of Oliver Cromwell’s rule known as?
The Interregnum.
True or False: Oliver Cromwell was a monarch.
False.
Which side did Oliver Cromwell support during the English Civil War?
The Parliamentarians (Roundheads).
What was the name of the army that Oliver Cromwell led?
The New Model Army.
Fill in the blank: Oliver Cromwell was born in _____ in 1599.
Huntingdon.
What was the fate of King Charles I during Cromwell’s rule?
He was executed.
In what year was Oliver Cromwell declared Lord Protector?
1653.
What religious group did Oliver Cromwell belong to?
Puritan.
True or False: Oliver Cromwell was known for promoting religious tolerance.
False.
What document did Cromwell use to govern England?
The Instrument of Government.
Which battle was a significant victory for Cromwell’s forces in 1645?
The Battle of Naseby.
What was one of the major policies Cromwell implemented regarding the Irish?
The harsh military campaign against Ireland.
What title did Oliver Cromwell reject despite holding significant power?
King.
Fill in the blank: Cromwell’s rule ended with his death in _____ in 1658.
London.
What was the Restoration?
The return of Charles II to the throne in 1660 after Cromwell’s death.
Who succeeded Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector?
His son, Richard Cromwell.
What was the main goal of Cromwell’s foreign policy?
To expand England’s influence and trade.
True or False: Oliver Cromwell is often viewed positively in modern British history.
False.
What was the significance of the Navigation Acts during Cromwell’s rule?
They aimed to control colonial trade and increase England’s maritime power.
What were the two main factions involved in the War of the Roses?
The House of Lancaster and the House of York.
True or False: The War of the Roses lasted from 1455 to 1487.
True.
Fill in the blank: The conflict was primarily over the control of the ________.
English throne.
Who was the first king from the House of York to take the throne?
Edward IV.
What symbol represented the House of Lancaster?
A red rose.
What symbol represented the House of York?
A white rose.
Which battle is often considered the first major battle of the War of the Roses?
The Battle of St Albans.
Who was the queen at the start of the War of the Roses?
Margaret of Anjou.
Multiple Choice: Which battle marked the end of the War of the Roses? A) Battle of Towton B) Battle of Bosworth Field C) Battle of Tewkesbury
B) Battle of Bosworth Field.
What year did the Battle of Towton occur?
1461.
True or False: Richard III was a member of the House of Lancaster.
False.
Who was the last king of the House of York?
Richard III.
Fill in the blank: Henry Tudor became King Henry ________ after defeating Richard III.
VII.
What was the significance of the marriage between Henry VII and Elizabeth of York?
It united the warring factions and established the Tudor dynasty.
What was the primary cause of the War of the Roses?
Disputes over rightful succession to the English throne.
Which noble family did Henry VI belong to?
House of Lancaster.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following battles was a decisive victory for the House of York? A) Battle of Barnet B) Battle of St Albans C) Battle of Bosworth Field
A) Battle of Barnet.
Who was known as the ‘Kingmaker’ during the conflict?
Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick.
True or False: The War of the Roses was fought exclusively on English soil.
True.
What year did the War of the Roses officially end?
1487.
Fill in the blank: The War of the Roses was characterized by a series of ________ between rival factions.
battles.
What was one of the long-term effects of the War of the Roses?
The establishment of the Tudor dynasty.
Which two houses were involved in the rivalry that led to the War of the Roses?
Lancaster and York.
True or False: The War of the Roses ended the feudal system in England.
False.
Who succeeded Edward IV after his death?
Edward V.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Tewkesbury?
A decisive victory for the Yorkists.
What year did the Glorious Revolution occur?
1688
True or False: The Glorious Revolution was a peaceful transfer of power.
True
Who were the main figures involved in the Glorious Revolution?
William of Orange and James II
Fill in the blank: The Glorious Revolution resulted in the overthrow of King _____ II.
James
What was the primary reason for the Glorious Revolution?
Religious conflict and the desire for parliamentary sovereignty
Multiple Choice: Which document established constitutional monarchy in England after the Glorious Revolution?
Bill of Rights
What was the significance of the Bill of Rights of 1689?
It limited the powers of the monarch and outlined the rights of Parliament.
True or False: The Glorious Revolution led to the establishment of a Catholic monarchy in England.
False
What was one consequence of the Glorious Revolution for religious tolerance?
It led to the Toleration Act of 1689, allowing freedom of worship for Nonconformists.
Who was invited to invade England by Parliament to challenge King James II?
William of Orange
Fill in the blank: The Glorious Revolution is also known as the _____ Revolution.
Bloodless
What was the outcome for James II after the Glorious Revolution?
He fled to France.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following was NOT a result of the Glorious Revolution?
Restoration of absolute monarchy
What role did the Whigs and Tories play during the Glorious Revolution?
They were political factions that supported different sides in the conflict.
True or False: The Glorious Revolution affirmed the principle of parliamentary sovereignty.
True
What was the impact of the Glorious Revolution on future American governance?
It influenced the development of constitutional democracy and the Bill of Rights in the United States.
Fill in the blank: The Glorious Revolution marked the beginning of _____ rule in England.
constitutional
Who became the monarch after the Glorious Revolution?
William III and Mary II
What was the main religious conflict during the Glorious Revolution?
Between Protestantism and Catholicism
Multiple Choice: Which act was passed to limit the powers of the monarchy after the Glorious Revolution?
The Bill of Rights
What year was the British Museum founded?
1753
True or False: The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom.
True
What is the primary purpose of the British Museum?
To collect, preserve, and display human history and culture.
Fill in the blank: The British Library houses over _____ million items.
170
Which famous document is housed in the British Library?
The Magna Carta
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a major collection of the British Museum? A) Egyptian Antiquities B) American History C) Modern Art
A) Egyptian Antiquities
What is the location of the British Museum?
Bloomsbury, London
True or False: The British Library is free to enter.
True
Who was the first director of the British Museum?
Sir Hans Sloane
Fill in the blank: The British Library was established in _____ year.
1973
What type of materials does the British Library collect?
Books, manuscripts, maps, newspapers, and digital content.
Multiple Choice: What is the British Museum’s most famous exhibit? A) The Rosetta Stone B) The Mona Lisa C) The Elgin Marbles
A) The Rosetta Stone
What is the British Library’s legal deposit right?
To collect a copy of every book published in the UK.
True or False: The British Museum is only focused on British history.
False
What is the British Museum’s mission statement?
To inspire a passion for history and culture through its collections.
Fill in the blank: The British Library has a reading room known as the _____ Room.
British
