Australia Flashcards
(315 cards)
1
Q
What year did the First Fleet arrive in Australia?
A
1788
2
Q
Who was the first Governor of New South Wales?
A
Captain Arthur Phillip
3
Q
True or False: Australia was originally settled by the British.
A
True
4
Q
Fill in the blank: The indigenous people of Australia are known as _____.
A
Aboriginal Australians
5
Q
What significant event occurred in 1901 in Australia?
A
Federation of Australia
6
Q
Which war involved Australian troops fighting alongside British forces in 1914?
A
World War I
7
Q
What is the name of the policy that aimed to assimilate Aboriginal Australians into white society?
A
The White Australia Policy
8
Q
Who was the first female Prime Minister of Australia?
A
Julia Gillard
9
Q
True or False: Australia was a founding member of the United Nations.
A
True
10
Q
What is the significance of the year 1967 in Australian history?
A
Referendum to include Aboriginal Australians in the census
11
Q
What major conflict did Australia participate in during the 20th century, particularly noted for the Gallipoli campaign?
A
World War I
12
Q
Fill in the blank: The capital city of Australia is _____.
A
Canberra
13
Q
Who is considered the ‘father of federation’ in Australia?
A
Edmund Barton
14
Q
What year did Australia become a Commonwealth?
A
1901
15
Q
What movement in the 1970s aimed to address the rights of Aboriginal Australians?
A
Land Rights Movement
16
Q
What is the name of the treaty that recognized Aboriginal land rights in 1992?
A
Mabo Decision
17
Q
True or False: Australia was involved in the Vietnam War.
A
True
18
Q
What is the name of the Australian national anthem?
A
Advance Australia Fair
19
Q
Which Australian city was the site of the 2000 Summer Olympics?
A
Sydney
20
Q
What major event in 1788 marked the beginning of British colonization in Australia?
A
Arrival of the First Fleet
21
Q
Fill in the blank: The Great Barrier Reef is located off the coast of _____.
A
Queensland
22
Q
Who was the leader of the Australian Labor Party during the Great Depression?
A
James Scullin
23
Q
What was the purpose of the White Australia Policy?
A
To restrict non-European immigration
24
Q
True or False: Australia has a constitutional monarchy.
A
True
25
What is the name of the Australian military force that served in the Boer War?
Australian Commonwealth Horse
26
Which Australian state was the first to grant women the right to vote?
South Australia
27
What year did Australia participate in the first Olympic Games?
1896
28
Fill in the blank: The indigenous Australian creation stories are known as _____.
Dreamtime
29
What was the significance of the 1988 bicentennial celebration in Australia?
It marked 200 years since the First Fleet arrival.
30
What was the primary reason for the establishment of penal colonies in Australia?
To relieve overcrowding in British prisons
31
Who was the first Aboriginal person elected to the Australian Parliament?
Ken Wyatt
32
What famous Australian landmark is located in Sydney?
Sydney Opera House
33
What is the term for the forced removal of Aboriginal children from their families in Australia?
Stolen Generations
34
What does ANZAC stand for?
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps
35
What was the main focus of the Australian Constitution?
To establish the Commonwealth of Australia
36
Fill in the blank: The Australian flag features the Union Jack and the _____.
Southern Cross
37
Who was the Australian Prime Minister during World War II?
John Curtin
38
What event marked the beginning of Australia's involvement in World War II?
The bombing of Pearl Harbor
39
What is the name of the Australian currency?
Australian Dollar
40
True or False: The Australian government has issued formal apologies to the Stolen Generations.
True
41
What is the significance of the 1965 Freedom Ride in Australia?
It aimed to bring attention to the discrimination faced by Aboriginal Australians.
42
Fill in the blank: The Australian state known for its wine production is _____.
South Australia
43
What year did Australia become a republic?
Australia has not become a republic.
44
What was the primary industry that drove the economic growth of Australia in the 19th century?
Gold mining
45
Who was Australia's first female Governor-General?
Quentin Bryce
46
What is the term for the movement of people from rural to urban areas in Australia?
Urbanization
47
True or False: Australia has a diverse range of climates due to its size.
True
48
What was the primary impact of the British colonization on Indigenous Australians?
Displacement and loss of land
49
Fill in the blank: The first Australian woman to win a Nobel Prize was _____.
Dame Joan Sutherland
50
What event does ANZAC Day commemorate?
The landing of Australian and New Zealand troops at Gallipoli
51
What was the primary purpose of the Australian Aboriginal Land Rights Act of 1976?
To recognize Aboriginal land ownership
52
Who was the leader of the Australian Liberal Party during the 1980s?
Malcolm Fraser
53
What landmark decision was made by the High Court of Australia in 1992?
Mabo Decision recognizing native title
54
Fill in the blank: The Australian national flower is the _____.
Golden Wattle
55
What was the main reason for the establishment of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)?
To provide public broadcasting services
56
What year did Australia introduce universal suffrage?
1902
57
What is the significance of the Uluru Statement from the Heart?
It calls for constitutional recognition of Indigenous Australians.
58
Who was the first Australian to win a gold medal at the Olympics?
Edwin Flack
59
True or False: The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef system in the world.
True
60
What is the name of the treaty that ended the First World War?
Treaty of Versailles
61
Fill in the blank: The Australian political party known for its green policies is the _____.
Australian Greens
62
Who was the first person to circumnavigate Australia?
Matthew Flinders
63
What was the primary purpose of the Snowy Mountains Scheme?
Hydroelectric power and irrigation
64
True or False: Australia has a federal system of government.
True
65
What year did Australia sign the Treaty of Waitangi?
Australia did not sign the Treaty of Waitangi; it was signed by New Zealand.
66
Fill in the blank: The Australian state known for its mining industry is _____.
Western Australia
67
What is the significance of the 1980s in Australian history?
Economic reforms and the rise of multiculturalism
68
Who was the Australian Prime Minister during the 1975 constitutional crisis?
Gough Whitlam
69
What is the capital of the Northern Territory?
Darwin
70
True or False: The Australian Constitution was adopted in 1901.
True
71
What was the primary cause of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis in Australia?
Global economic downturn affecting Australian exports
72
Fill in the blank: The national sports team of Australia is known as the _____.
Socceroos
73
What is the name of the Indigenous Australian ceremonial dance?
Corroboree
74
Who was the Australian Prime Minister during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Scott Morrison
75
True or False: Australia has one of the highest rates of immigration in the world.
True
76
What year did Australia legalize same-sex marriage?
2017
77
What is the name of the Australian state known for its beaches and tourism?
Queensland
78
Fill in the blank: The major political parties in Australia are the Liberal Party and the _____.
Labor Party
79
Who was the first Prime Minister of Australia?
Edmund Barton
80
Which Prime Minister is known for the 'White Australia Policy'?
John Howard
81
True or False: Julia Gillard was the first female Prime Minister of Australia.
True
82
Fill in the blank: The Prime Minister's official residence is located at ______.
The Lodge
83
Which Prime Minister served the shortest term?
George Reid
84
Who was the Prime Minister during World War I?
Billy Hughes
85
Multiple Choice: Who was Prime Minister before Scott Morrison? A) Malcolm Turnbull B) Tony Abbott C) Kevin Rudd
A) Malcolm Turnbull
86
What year was the first federal election held in Australia?
1901
87
Which Prime Minister introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST)?
John Howard
88
True or False: Bob Hawke was Prime Minister for over a decade.
True
89
Who was the first Prime Minister to be born in Australia?
John Curtin
90
Fill in the blank: The Prime Minister is the head of ______ in Australia.
government
91
Which Prime Minister was known for the 'Sorry Speech' to Indigenous Australians?
Kevin Rudd
92
What is the primary role of the Australian Prime Minister?
To lead the government and represent Australia.
93
Multiple Choice: Who was Prime Minister during the Great Depression? A) James Scullin B) Joseph Lyons C) Ben Chifley
A) James Scullin
94
Which Prime Minister was known for significant economic reforms in the 1980s?
Bob Hawke
95
Who was the Prime Minister immediately after Tony Abbott?
Malcolm Turnbull
96
Fill in the blank: ______ is the political party of Scott Morrison.
Liberal Party
97
What major event did John Curtin lead Australia through?
World War II
98
Who was the first Prime Minister to resign from office?
Earle Page
99
Multiple Choice: Which Prime Minister was known for the 'New Deal' in Australia? A) Gough Whitlam B) John Howard C) Malcolm Turnbull
A) Gough Whitlam
100
What title is given to the Prime Minister's deputy?
Deputy Prime Minister
101
Fill in the blank: The Prime Minister can call for ______ elections.
federal
102
Who was Australia's first female Prime Minister?
Julia Gillard
103
What is the maximum term length for a Prime Minister in Australia?
Three years
104
What is the primary role of the Australian Senate?
To represent the states and territories of Australia and review legislation.
105
How many senators are there in the Australian Senate?
76 senators.
106
What is the term length for a senator in the Australian Senate?
Six years.
107
Fill in the blank: The Senate is often referred to as the ________ house of the Parliament.
upper
108
What voting system is used for the Australian Senate elections?
Proportional representation.
109
Who is the presiding officer of the Australian Senate?
The President of the Senate.
110
What is the minimum age to be eligible to become a senator in Australia?
30 years old.
111
What is the term for the process of reviewing and amending proposed legislation in the Senate?
Scrutiny.
112
Which political party currently holds the most seats in the Australian Senate? (as of October 2023)
This answer is subject to change; please check the latest political composition.
113
What is the role of Senate committees?
To investigate specific issues and report findings to the Senate.
114
Fill in the blank: The Senate can block legislation passed by the ________ house.
lower
115
How often are half-Senate elections held?
Every three years.
116
What is the primary function of the Senate in terms of government accountability?
To hold the government accountable through questioning and debate.
117
What is the significance of the Senate's power to amend legislation?
It allows the Senate to influence and improve proposed laws.
118
What is a 'double dissolution' in the context of the Australian Senate?
A situation where both the House of Representatives and the Senate are dissolved for a general election.
119
What is required for a bill to pass in the Senate?
A majority of votes in favor.
120
Which constitutional document outlines the structure and powers of the Australian Senate?
The Australian Constitution.
121
Who is considered the first Australian to win the Nobel Prize?
Howard Florey
122
True or False: Nicole Kidman is an Australian actress.
True
123
Fill in the blank: __________ is known for her role in the TV series 'Friends' as Rachel Green.
Lisa Kudrow
124
Which famous Australian singer is known for the hit song 'Can't Get You Out of My Head'?
Kylie Minogue
125
Who was the first Australian woman to win a gold medal at the Olympics?
Fanny Durack
126
What sport is associated with famous Australian athlete Cathy Freeman?
Athletics
127
Name the Australian actor who played Wolverine in the X-Men series.
Hugh Jackman
128
Which Australian author wrote the novel 'The Thorn Birds'?
Colleen McCullough
129
What is the profession of famous Australian Geoffrey Rush?
Actor
130
Fill in the blank: __________ is an Australian tennis player who has won multiple Grand Slam titles.
Ashleigh Barty
131
Who is the Australian comedian known for his role in 'The Castle'?
Michael Caton
132
Which Australian cricketer is famous for his unique bowling style and was nicknamed 'The Spin Wizard'?
Shane Warne
133
True or False: Miranda Kerr is a well-known Australian model.
True
134
Name the Australian film director known for the movie 'Mad Max'.
George Miller
135
What is the nationality of the famous singer Sia?
Australian
136
Which Australian actor starred in 'The Great Gatsby' as Jay Gatsby?
Leonardo DiCaprio
137
Fill in the blank: __________ is an Australian author known for the 'Tomorrow' series.
John Marsden
138
Who is the Australian Prime Minister known for the 'Apology to the Stolen Generations' in 2008?
Kevin Rudd
139
Name the Australian actress who starred in the movie 'Moulin Rouge!'.
Nicole Kidman
140
Which Australian musician is known for the band INXS?
Michael Hutchence
141
Fill in the blank: __________ is a famous Australian actor known for his role in 'Gladiator'.
Russell Crowe
142
What is the name of the Australian rugby player who is also a television personality?
Sam Burgess
143
Who is the famous Australian architect behind the Sydney Opera House?
Jørn Utzon
144
What sport is associated with the famous Australian athlete Mark Webber?
Formula One racing
145
Fill in the blank: __________ is an Australian actor known for his role in 'The Matrix'.
Hugo Weaving
146
Name the Australian singer known for the song 'Torn'.
Natalie Imbruglia
147
True or False: Paul Hogan is known for his role in the 'Crocodile Dundee' films.
True
148
Who is the Australian filmmaker known for the 'Mad Max' franchise?
George Miller
149
What is the profession of famous Australian Keith Urban?
Musician
150
Fill in the blank: __________ is a famous Australian fashion designer known for her dresses.
Dion Lee
151
Which Australian athlete is known as the 'Fastest Man on Earth'?
Usain Bolt
152
True or False: Toni Collette is an Australian actress.
True
153
Who was the first Australian woman to win a Nobel Prize?
Dame Joan Sutherland
154
What is the name of the Australian singer who was a member of the band Savage Garden?
Darren Hayes
155
Fill in the blank: __________ is an Australian actor known for his role in 'The Dark Knight'.
Heath Ledger
156
Which Australian author is famous for the book 'The Book Thief'?
Markus Zusak
157
True or False: Barry Humphries is known for his character Dame Edna Everage.
True
158
Who is the famous Australian physicist who won the Nobel Prize in 2005?
John Bardeen
159
What sport is associated with the famous Australian player Lleyton Hewitt?
Tennis
160
Fill in the blank: __________ is an Australian actor known for his role in 'The Lord of the Rings'.
Orlando Bloom
161
Name the Australian singer known for the song 'Somebody That I Used to Know'.
Gotye
162
Who is the Australian actress known for her role in 'The Others'?
Nicole Kidman
163
What is the profession of famous Australian Ian Thorpe?
Swimmer
164
Which Australian athlete won the gold medal in men's swimming at the 2000 Sydney Olympics?
Ian Thorpe
165
True or False: Australia has won more gold medals in swimming than in any other sport.
True
166
Fill in the blank: The Australian women's hockey team, known as the ________, won gold at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics.
Hockeyroos
167
Which Australian athlete holds the record for the most gold medals won at a single Olympics?
Dame Sally Pearson
168
What year did Australia first participate in the Olympic Games?
1896
169
Which sport did Australia win its first Olympic gold medal in?
Swimming
170
Who was the first Australian woman to win an Olympic gold medal?
Fanny Durack
171
Multiple Choice: Which of the following sports has NOT seen Australian gold medallists? A) Athletics B) Rugby C) Fencing
C) Fencing
172
What is the total number of gold medals Australia won at the 2000 Sydney Olympics?
16
173
True or False: Australia has hosted the Olympic Games twice.
True
174
Which Australian swimmer won gold in the women’s 100m freestyle at the 2000 Sydney Olympics?
Penny Oleksiak
175
Fill in the blank: The Australian men's soccer team is known as the ________.
Socceroos
176
Which Australian athlete is known as the 'Thorpedo'?
Ian Thorpe
177
What Olympic year did Cathy Freeman win gold in the women's 400m race?
2000
178
Who was the Australian gold medallist in the men's decathlon at the 2004 Athens Olympics?
Daniel Batman
179
Which Australian athlete was the first to win gold in the modern pentathlon?
Chloe Esposito
180
Multiple Choice: What color is associated with the Australian Olympic team? A) Blue B) Green and Gold C) Red
B) Green and Gold
181
What is the nickname for the Australian Olympic team?
The Aussies
182
Fill in the blank: The Australian sailing team is often referred to as the ________.
Sailors
183
Which sport did Australia win its first gold medal in at the 1956 Melbourne Olympics?
Swimming
184
Who was the Australian gold medallist in the women's pole vault at the 2016 Rio Olympics?
Eliza McCartney
185
True or False: Australia has won more gold medals in cycling than in athletics.
True
186
Which Australian swimmer won the gold medal in the men's 200m freestyle at the 2004 Athens Olympics?
Ian Thorpe
187
What year did Australia win its first Olympic gold medal in basketball?
None, Australia has not won Olympic gold in basketball.
188
Multiple Choice: Who is the only Australian athlete to win gold in the men's 100m sprint? A) Usain Bolt B) Patrick Johnson C) None
C) None
189
Who was the Australian gold medallist in the women's 1500m at the 2000 Sydney Olympics?
Katherine Granger
190
What year did Australia become involved in World War I?
1914
191
True or False: Australia fought alongside the Allies in World War II.
True
192
Fill in the blank: The Australian Army was officially formed in _____.
1901
193
Which battle is considered a significant event for Australian forces during World War I?
The Battle of Gallipoli
194
What was the primary role of the Australian Imperial Force (AIF) in World War I?
To serve in overseas combat.
195
Multiple Choice: Which of the following conflicts did Australia NOT participate in? A) Vietnam War B) Korean War C) Gulf War D) World War I
D) World War I
196
What is ANZAC Day and when is it observed?
ANZAC Day is observed on April 25th to honor the members of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps.
197
Short Answer: Who was the first Australian Prime Minister during World War I?
Billy Hughes
198
True or False: The Australian Navy was established in 1913.
True
199
What was the outcome of the Battle of the Somme for Australian forces?
Heavy casualties but significant military contributions.
200
Multiple Choice: Which Australian military unit is famously known for its role at Gallipoli? A) 1st Infantry Battalion B) 10th Light Horse Regiment C) 3rd Division D) 2nd AIF
B) 10th Light Horse Regiment
201
Fill in the blank: The Vietnam War lasted from ____ to ____ for Australian forces.
1962 to 1972
202
What was the primary reason for Australia's involvement in the Korean War?
To support the United Nations in repelling North Korean aggression.
203
Short Answer: Name one major battle that Australian forces participated in during World War II.
The Battle of El Alamein
204
True or False: The Australian military has a history of conscription.
True
205
What does the acronym ADF stand for?
Australian Defence Force
206
Fill in the blank: The Australian Navy played a significant role in the ____ operations during the Gulf War.
maritime
207
Multiple Choice: In which year did Australia officially withdraw its troops from Vietnam? A) 1970 B) 1971 C) 1972 D) 1973
C) 1972
208
Short Answer: What is the significance of the Battle of Long Tan?
It was one of the largest engagements involving Australian troops during the Vietnam War.
209
What major military conflict did Australia participate in during the early 21st century?
The War in Afghanistan
210
Fill in the blank: The Australian Army's Special Operations Command was established in _____.
2003
211
Multiple Choice: Which military operation was conducted by Australian forces in East Timor? A) Operation Anode B) Operation Slipper C) Operation Falconer D) Operation Catalyst
A) Operation Anode
212
Short Answer: What is the primary function of the Royal Australian Air Force?
To provide air power for the Australian Defence Force.
213
True or False: The Australian military has a history of involvement in peacekeeping missions.
True
214
What year did Australia participate in the Iraq War?
2003
215
Fill in the blank: The Australian Army's primary combat unit is known as the _____.
infantry
216
Multiple Choice: Which Australian military campaign is associated with the term 'diggers'? A) World War II B) World War I C) Korean War D) Vietnam War
B) World War I
217
Short Answer: What is the significance of the term 'ANZAC'?
It represents the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps.
218
True or False: The Australian Defence Force is comprised of the Army, Navy, and Air Force.
True
219
What was the main purpose of the Australian military during the Cold War?
To deter communist expansion and support allied nations.
220
Fill in the blank: The Australian military's commitment to international peacekeeping began in _____.
1947
221
Multiple Choice: Who was the first Australian soldier to receive a Victoria Cross? A) John Simpson Kirkpatrick B) Albert Jacka C) Edward Kenna D) Thomas McMahon
B) Albert Jacka
222
Short Answer: What is the role of the Chief of Defence Force?
To oversee the Australian Defence Force and provide military advice to the government.
223
What significant military reform occurred in Australia in the 1980s?
The introduction of the Defence of Australia policy.
224
Fill in the blank: The Australian Defence Force's primary mission is to defend Australia's _____.
national interests
225
Multiple Choice: In which conflict did the Australian Light Horse Brigade gain fame? A) World War I B) World War II C) Korean War D) Vietnam War
A) World War I
226
What is the indigenous people of Australia commonly known as?
Aborigines
227
What is the estimated time frame for the arrival of Aborigines in Australia?
Approximately 65,000 years ago
228
Fill in the blank: The traditional land of the Aborigines is known as _____.
Country
229
What is the name of the Aboriginal belief system that emphasizes a deep connection to the land?
Dreamtime
230
What is the primary language family spoken by Aborigines?
Pama-Nyungan
231
Which Australian landmark is considered sacred to many Aboriginal groups?
Uluru
232
What is the term used for Aboriginal art that often includes dot painting?
Contemporary Aboriginal Art
233
What is the significance of totem animals in Aboriginal culture?
They represent ancestral spirits and are part of kinship systems.
234
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a traditional Aboriginal instrument? A) Didgeridoo B) Violin C) Flute D) Trumpet
A) Didgeridoo
235
What is the Aboriginal practice of land management that involves controlled burns?
Fire-stick farming
236
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a council of Aboriginal elders that advises on cultural matters.
Elders Council
237
What is the term for the Aboriginal practice of storytelling that conveys cultural knowledge?
Oral tradition
238
Which Australian state has the largest Aboriginal population?
New South Wales
239
What is the Aboriginal term for kinship that defines social relationships?
Skin name
240
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a common theme in Aboriginal music? A) Nature B) War C) Technology D) Politics
A) Nature
241
What is the name of the movement advocating for Aboriginal land rights in Australia?
Land Rights Movement
242
True or False: The Aboriginal flag features the colors black, yellow, and red.
True
243
What is the legal document that recognizes Aboriginal land rights in Australia?
Native Title Act
244
Fill in the blank: The _____ is the spiritual connection that Aborigines have with their land.
Songlines
245
What type of social organization is common among Aboriginal groups?
Clan system
246
Multiple Choice: Which of the following ceremonies is significant in Aboriginal culture? A) Coming of Age B) Marriage C) Corroboree D) Graduation
C) Corroboree
247
What was the impact of European colonization on Aboriginal populations?
Significant population decline and loss of land.
248
What is the practice of using natural resources sustainably called in Aboriginal culture?
Traditional ecological knowledge
249
Fill in the blank: Aboriginal communities often engage in _____ to preserve their culture.
Cultural revitalization
250
What is the role of the 'Elders' in Aboriginal communities?
To provide guidance and preserve cultural practices.
251
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT an Aboriginal language family? A) Pama-Nyungan B) Ibanag C) Yolŋu Matha D) Aranda
B) Ibanag
252
What is the Aboriginal practice of using natural materials for art, such as bark and ochre?
Traditional art practices
253
What does the term 'Stolen Generations' refer to in Australian history?
Aboriginal children forcibly removed from their families by the government.
254
Fill in the blank: The _____ is a significant site for Aboriginal ceremonies and gatherings.
Corroboree ground
255
What is the main source of food for traditional Aboriginal diets?
Hunting and gathering
256
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a traditional Aboriginal dance? A) Ballet B) Hip Hop C) Bush Dance D) Jazz
C) Bush Dance
257
True or False: Many Aboriginal languages are still spoken today.
True
258
What is the significance of the Rainbow Serpent in Aboriginal mythology?
It is a creator deity and represents water and fertility.
259
Fill in the blank: The Aboriginal practice of caring for the land is often referred to as _____ stewardship.
Land
260
What is the primary focus of Aboriginal health initiatives?
To address disparities in health outcomes.
261
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a traditional Aboriginal food? A) Sushi B) Kangaroo C) Pizza D) Tacos
B) Kangaroo
262
What is the role of storytelling in Aboriginal culture?
To pass down knowledge, history, and cultural values.
263
What is the traditional Aboriginal method of navigation using natural landmarks?
Wayfinding
264
Fill in the blank: The _____ is an important symbol of Aboriginal identity.
Aboriginal flag
265
What is the contemporary movement for Aboriginal rights and recognition called?
Reconciliation Movement
266
What is the name of the world’s oldest continuous culture, found in Australia?
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultures.
267
How long have Indigenous Australians been living on the continent?
Over 65,000 years.
268
What are the Aboriginal Dreamtime stories?
Spiritual stories that explain the creation of the land, people, and culture.
269
What is the term for the traditional method of land management using fire by Indigenous Australians?
Firestick farming.
270
What is the significance of Uluru to Indigenous Australians?
It is a sacred site central to their spiritual beliefs and traditions.
271
Which Indigenous people are the traditional custodians of the Sydney area?
The Gadigal people of the Eora Nation.
272
What is a boomerang traditionally used for?
Hunting, but also as a tool and musical instrument in ceremonies.
273
What is the oldest known rock art site in Australia?
The Bradshaw (Gwion Gwion) paintings in Western Australia.
274
What is the meaning of 'Corroboree'?
A traditional ceremonial gathering involving music, dance, and storytelling.
275
Who was Bennelong, and why is he significant in Australian history?
An Aboriginal man who acted as a mediator between Indigenous Australians and British settlers.
276
Who was the first European explorer to map parts of the Australian coast in 1606?
Willem Janszoon.
277
What was the original name given to Australia by Dutch explorers?
New Holland.
278
In what year did Captain James Cook first arrive on the east coast of Australia?
1770.
279
What is the name of the ship Captain Cook sailed on during his 1770 voyage?
HMS Endeavour.
280
Which European country claimed parts of northern Australia in the 1600s but did not settle?
The Netherlands.
281
What was the First Fleet, and when did it arrive in Australia?
A group of 11 ships carrying convicts and settlers, arriving in 1788.
282
Who was the commander of the First Fleet?
Captain Arthur Phillip.
283
Where did the First Fleet first land in Australia?
Botany Bay, then moved to Port Jackson (Sydney).
284
What was the original purpose of establishing a British colony in Australia?
To establish a penal colony for British convicts.
285
What is the name of Australia’s first penal colony?
New South Wales.
286
What year was the colony of New South Wales established?
1788.
287
Who was the first Governor of New South Wales?
Captain Arthur Phillip.
288
When was the colony of Van Diemen’s Land (now Tasmania) established?
1825.
289
Which state was originally settled as a free colony, not as a penal colony?
South Australia.
290
What was the significance of the Myall Creek Massacre of 1838?
It was one of the few times settlers were tried and executed for killing Aboriginal people.
291
When was the Port Arthur penal settlement in Tasmania established?
1830.
292
What event led to the Eureka Stockade in 1854?
A miners’ rebellion against unfair gold licensing fees.
293
What was the impact of the Australian gold rush in the 1850s?
It led to population growth, economic expansion, and social changes.
294
Who was Ned Kelly, and why is he famous?
A bushranger and outlaw known for his resistance to colonial authorities.
295
When were Indigenous Australians first officially recognized as British subjects?
1836.
296
What year did Australia become a federated nation?
1901.
297
How many states formed the original Commonwealth of Australia?
Six.
298
Who was Australia’s first Prime Minister?
Edmund Barton.
299
What is the name of Australia’s Constitution?
The Australian Constitution.
300
In what year was Canberra established as Australia’s capital?
1913.
301
What was the main reason for choosing Canberra as the capital city?
To resolve rivalry between Sydney and Melbourne.
302
What is the significance of January 26th in Australian history?
It marks the arrival of the First Fleet in 1788, celebrated as Australia Day.
303
What year did Australia adopt its current national flag?
1901.
304
What is the significance of the White Australia Policy, and when was it abolished?
It restricted non-European immigration and was abolished in 1973.
305
When did women gain the right to vote in Australia?
1902 (at the federal level).
306
What was the name of the Australian soldiers who fought in World War I?
ANZACs (Australian and New Zealand Army Corps).
307
In what year did Australian troops land at Gallipoli?
1915.
308
What does ANZAC stand for?
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps.
309
When was the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) established?
1932.
310
What was the Stolen Generations?
Indigenous children forcibly removed from their families by government policies.
311
What year was the referendum to count Indigenous Australians in the census held?
1967.
312
What is the significance of the Mabo Decision in 1992?
It recognized Indigenous land rights and overturned the doctrine of 'terra nullius.'
313
When was the National Sorry Day first observed?
1998.
314
Who was Australia’s first female Prime Minister?
Julia Gillard, in 2010.
315
What major event occurred in Australia on February 13, 2008?
Prime Minister Kevin Rudd delivered a formal apology to the Stolen Generations.
