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2. Terms > General > Flashcards

General Flashcards

1
Q

Reye’s syndrome

A

Associated with use of salicylates in children(aspirin) under 16yrs
Symptoms— liver damage, encephalopathy (confusion, brain swelling)
Mostly seen after viral exposure

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2
Q

Tachyphylaxis

A

When the body no longer responds to drugs which is due repeated exposure eg drugs acting on nervous system

This is either by phosphorylation or similar event often requiring higher doses

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3
Q

Inunction

A

Improve absorption through skin by suspending drug in oily vehicle and rubbing it into skin

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4
Q

Specific gravity
(Same as density but no units)

A

Ratio of density of substance to density of water
Used for IV meds mostly and interpreting urinalysis
Note: density of water is 1
If SG is greater that 1, it’s heavier than water
If less, water is heavier

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5
Q

D penicillamine

A

Sulfahydryl group chelates metals
Similar to dimercaprol

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6
Q

EDTA

A

Carboxylic group chelates lots of metal

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7
Q

ACEI

A

The enzymes posses zinc metal which is the active sight for inhibitors
Captopril (thiol pharmacophore)
Lisinopril (carboxylic group)

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8
Q

Tetracycline

A

1carbonyl, 3 hydroxyl groups can chelates metals wc is a side effect

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9
Q

Ciprofloxacin

A

Can also chelates metal due to 1,3 dicarbonyl group

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10
Q

Milk thistle

A

Silymarin from Silybum marianum
Hepatoprotection

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11
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Excessive uncontrollable sleepiness in the day time
Treated with amphetamines(also ADHD)

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12
Q

Adrenochrome

A

A red colored byproduct of epinephrine after oxidation (hydroxyl groups) which can polymerize to form black compounds

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13
Q

Chlordiazepoxide

A

A benzodiazepine that undergoes light catalyzed reaction to form inactive compound

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14
Q

Phototoxic drugs

A

Can absorb light so lead to side effects such as sun burn, skin reaction, erythema, extreme sensitivity
Eg of drugs TCNs, FQs, certain TCA, NSAIDS of propionic acid class and amiodarone

Use sunscreen, avoid sun or discontinue

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15
Q

Linoleic acid

A

omega 3 FA prevents essential FA deficiency
Elongated to arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA
Lowers CV dxs

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16
Q

DHEA
Fountain of youth

A

Dehydroepiandrosterone-endogenous product of cholesterol metabolism act as precursor of testosterone and estradiol which begins to decline in3rd decade used for depression, arthritis, cancer and performance enhancer

Containdicated in hormone responsive cancer
SE acne, hirtusism, voice deepening, menstrual irregularities, gunaecomastia, wt gain , insomnia

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17
Q

CoQ 10

A

Ubiquinone(and cholesterol product of mevalonate)
Product of mevalonate pathway (used with HMGCoA wch inhibits the pathway)
Used cancer, diabetes,CV dxs (angina, heart failure)

Increase PT time or INR (should be monitored)

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18
Q

Omega 3 FA

A

And fish oil
Precursor of EPA and DHA (can use dietary supplements)
Remove fish skin and fat which can accumulate polychlorinated biphenyls(PCB)
Mercury in flesh of shark, king mackerel, swordfish or tilefish
SE anti thrombotic effects especially in 3g/day dose

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19
Q

Melatonin

A

Induce sleep
Used widely for minimising and preventing jet lag
Improve sleep latency but not efficiency and length
Exogenous derived from bovine
SE drowsiness, nausea, disorientation and decrease sperm count and motility in male

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20
Q

Melatonin

A

Induce sleep
Used widely for minimising and preventing jet lag
Improve sleep latency but not efficiency and length
Exogenous derived from bovine
SE drowsiness, nausea, disorientation and decrease sperm count and motility in male

21
Q

Drug shortages and other info.

A

By APhA and ASHSP (American Society of Health System Pharmacist)

22
Q

Biologics

A

Vaccines, blood and blood components, allergenic, somatic cells, gene therapy, tissues and recombinant therapeutic proteins
Information found in Purple book
(Product exclusivity, biosimilarity and interchangeability evaluations)

23
Q

CDSS

A

Clinical decision support system in pharmacy

24
Q

CPOE

A

Computerized physician order entry at the Doctors to reduce errors

25
Q

AMP

A

The actual transaction price received by manufacturers
Manufacturer must report to DHHRS of Medicaid or Medicare to determine rebates paid by manufacturer for being part of Medicare Medicaid market

26
Q

PBM

A

CVS Caremark, Optum Rx and express script
Are intermediaries bwn health plans or employers and pharmacy
Reimburse pharmacies
Negotiate rebates with manufacturers
Create formularies, pharmacy network and review drug use

27
Q

Albumin

A

It is basic and bind to acidic or neutral drugs
Large and stays within plasma
Warfarin, phenytoin, aspirin, diazepam, ibuprofen, furosemide, valproic acid, tolbutamide, and verapamil

Drug-drug interaction can occur

28
Q

Alpha 1 acid glycoprotein

A

AKA orosomucoid, AAG
Binds to basic and neutral drugs

Propranolol, lidocaine, imipramine, chlorpromazine, quinidine, alprenolol, disopyramide, methadone, fentanyl

29
Q

Erythromycin formulation

A

Lactobionate, sugar as the counter ion which enhance water solubility used as parenteral

The ethyl succinate- lipophilic so used to mask taste and improve compliance esp in children suspension

30
Q

8 chloro théophylline salt

A

Of diphenhydramine and dimenhydramine reduces sedative effet since theophylline is a stimulant

31
Q

Basic drug

A

Such as morphine or antihistamine used for motion sickness can have delayed onset because they are ionized in the stomach so minimally absorbed until emptied in the small intestine where it will unionized

32
Q

Forced acid diuresis

A

Acidification of urine when overdose of basic drugs eg flurazepam in order to enhance excretion
Use vitamin C , ammonium chloride

33
Q

Forced alkaline diuresis

A

Alkalinization of urine using sodium bicarbonate in order to enhance excretion of acidic drugs eg phenobarbital

34
Q

REMS

A

2010
Risk evaluation and mitigation strategies

35
Q

Medication possession ratio

A

Used for calculating adherence
It is sum of days supply in a fill divide by number of days in the time period

36
Q

CPICg

A

Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium guidelines
—therapeutic recommendations based on pharmacogenetic results
Can also be found FDA

37
Q

PCR

A

2 primers, thermostable DNA, neucleotides and buffer cationic solution.

38
Q

Emphysematous lungs

A

Hyperresonant or boom like sound

39
Q

Healthy lung

A

Resonant or hollow sound

40
Q

Pulse

A

60-100bpm

41
Q

Respiratory rate

A

12-20 adults
20-40 children
30-60 newborns

42
Q

Temperature

A

97.6 99.4 F or 36.5 - 37.5

43
Q

Orthopnea

A

Difficulty breathing when in supine position

44
Q

Goodpasture syndrome

A

Rare autoimmune dxs that attacks the basement membrane in kidneys and lungs leading to bleeding from lungs and kidney failure

45
Q

Hypokalamia

A

Diuretics and amphotericin B

Acidosis, alkalosis, insulin, glucose and B2 agonist can change serum K without affecting total.

46
Q

Hyperkalamia (and false)

A

ACEI, heparin, trimethoprim and K sparing diuretics can cause hyper

Hemolysis — false increase

47
Q

CQI

A

Continuous quality improvement
plan do study act circle

48
Q

FMEA

A

Another CQI program
Failure mode effect analysis
To identify failures within a system
Establish severity, occurrence score, detection score
Using them determine RPN(used to establish priorities for action plan)

2. Terms (4 decks)

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