General Flashcards
Reye’s syndrome
Associated with use of salicylates in children(aspirin) under 16yrs
Symptoms— liver damage, encephalopathy (confusion, brain swelling)
Mostly seen after viral exposure
Tachyphylaxis
When the body no longer responds to drugs which is due repeated exposure eg drugs acting on nervous system
This is either by phosphorylation or similar event often requiring higher doses
Inunction
Improve absorption through skin by suspending drug in oily vehicle and rubbing it into skin
Specific gravity
(Same as density but no units)
Ratio of density of substance to density of water
Used for IV meds mostly and interpreting urinalysis
Note: density of water is 1
If SG is greater that 1, it’s heavier than water
If less, water is heavier
D penicillamine
Sulfahydryl group chelates metals
Similar to dimercaprol
EDTA
Carboxylic group chelates lots of metal
ACEI
The enzymes posses zinc metal which is the active sight for inhibitors
Captopril (thiol pharmacophore)
Lisinopril (carboxylic group)
Tetracycline
1carbonyl, 3 hydroxyl groups can chelates metals wc is a side effect
Ciprofloxacin
Can also chelates metal due to 1,3 dicarbonyl group
Milk thistle
Silymarin from Silybum marianum
Hepatoprotection
Narcolepsy
Excessive uncontrollable sleepiness in the day time
Treated with amphetamines(also ADHD)
Adrenochrome
A red colored byproduct of epinephrine after oxidation (hydroxyl groups) which can polymerize to form black compounds
Chlordiazepoxide
A benzodiazepine that undergoes light catalyzed reaction to form inactive compound
Phototoxic drugs
Can absorb light so lead to side effects such as sun burn, skin reaction, erythema, extreme sensitivity
Eg of drugs TCNs, FQs, certain TCA, NSAIDS of propionic acid class and amiodarone
Use sunscreen, avoid sun or discontinue
Linoleic acid
omega 3 FA prevents essential FA deficiency
Elongated to arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA
Lowers CV dxs
DHEA
Fountain of youth
Dehydroepiandrosterone-endogenous product of cholesterol metabolism act as precursor of testosterone and estradiol which begins to decline in3rd decade used for depression, arthritis, cancer and performance enhancer
Containdicated in hormone responsive cancer
SE acne, hirtusism, voice deepening, menstrual irregularities, gunaecomastia, wt gain , insomnia
CoQ 10
Ubiquinone(and cholesterol product of mevalonate)
Product of mevalonate pathway (used with HMGCoA wch inhibits the pathway)
Used cancer, diabetes,CV dxs (angina, heart failure)
Increase PT time or INR (should be monitored)
Omega 3 FA
And fish oil
Precursor of EPA and DHA (can use dietary supplements)
Remove fish skin and fat which can accumulate polychlorinated biphenyls(PCB)
Mercury in flesh of shark, king mackerel, swordfish or tilefish
SE anti thrombotic effects especially in 3g/day dose
Melatonin
Induce sleep
Used widely for minimising and preventing jet lag
Improve sleep latency but not efficiency and length
Exogenous derived from bovine
SE drowsiness, nausea, disorientation and decrease sperm count and motility in male
Melatonin
Induce sleep
Used widely for minimising and preventing jet lag
Improve sleep latency but not efficiency and length
Exogenous derived from bovine
SE drowsiness, nausea, disorientation and decrease sperm count and motility in male