general Flashcards
the spinal cord is composed of
cervical cord
thoracic cord
lumbar cord
sacral cord
coccygeal region
what three parts form the brain
brain stem
cerebellum
cerebral hemispheres
which parts composed the brain stem
medulla
pons
midbrain
name the lobes of the brain
frontal
parietal
temporal
occipital
the right side of the brain corresponds to which side of the body: right or left
left
the left side of the brain corresponds to which side of the body: right or left
right
define synaptic transmission
mechanism of transferring signals from one cell to another
types of synaptic transmission
electrical transmission
chemical transmission
where does electrical transmission happen? how are the hemichannels called?
- at gap junctions
- connexon
main difference between electrical and chemical transmission
in chemical transmission, there is no continuity between the cytoplasm if the cells.
what are synaptic clefts
fluid-filled gaps in the chemical transmission
what are their presynaptic terminal there are molecules with specific chemical substances called?
A) Neurotransmitters
B) Synaptotagmins
C) Vesicle proteins
D) Ion channels
A) Neurotransmitters
name the different types of memory and main characteristic
- explicit: declarative memory (conscious and intentional) (easy to form and easy to forget)
- implicit: non-declarative memory (unconscious and automatic) (requires practice but last a long period
define the two main types of explicit memory
- semantic: facts and general knowledge
- episodic: life experiences and events
define types of implicit memory
- procedural: habits, behaviour and skills
- motor: coordination
- emotional: classic behaviour
where is the semantic memory stored
A) Prefrontal cortex
B) Temporal lobe
C) Basal ganglia
D) Hippocampus
E) Neocortex
D) Hippocampus
where is the episodic memory stored
A) Temporal lobe
B) Hippocampus
C) Prefrontal cortex
D) Striatum
E) Neocortex
B) Hippocampus
where is the procedural memory stored
A) Motor cortex
B) Hippocampus
C) Striatum
D) Prefrontal cortex
E) Cerebellum
C) Striatum
where is the motor memory stored
A) Motor cortex
B) Basal ganglia
C) Striatum
D) Prefrontal cortex
E) Cerebellum
E) Cerebellum
where is the emotional memory stored
A) Limbic system
B) Hippocampus
C) Prefrontal cortex
D) Insular cortex
A) Limbic system
which the stage model of memory formation
- encoding
- storage
- retrieval
what happens during encoding
- sensory information into neuronal activity
- perception (different sense steams into one)
- attention
main things that the hippocampus does
A) Regulates emotional responses and fear conditioning.
B) Controls voluntary movements and coordination.
C) Forms declarative memory and tells you where you are in space.
D) Processes visual information and object recognition.
C) Forms declarative memory and tells you where you are in space.
what the pathway of coordination of movement
cerebral motor cortex > cerebellum > spinal cord > muscle