General

Question 1

Best site to place an intraosseous catheter in birds?

Answer 1

The distal ULNA or the proximal tibiotarsal bone.

Question 2

Horse Musculoscheletal Issues

Recs for treating uncomplicated patella delayed release from over the medial trochlear ridge of the femur?

Answer 2

Controlled exercise, as strong quadriceps and biceps of the thigh are less lickely to lock in place.

Question 3

Bundles of this cells make up Skeletal Muscle. Viewed in cross sections can be distinguished by their circular cross sections, well-delineated cell junctions, and peripheral nuclei.

Answer 3

Myocytes.

Question 4

Thickening of the skin between the hooves of the cow’s foot. More common in the rear feet. Usually secondary to chronic irritation (trauma or infection).

Answer 4

Interdigital hyperplasia or Fibroma.

Question 5

It occurs in the dorsoproximal fetlock joint of racing horses, presents with lameness, fetlock joint effusion, firm swelling over the joint, and a positive response to firm flexion of the fetlock.

Answer 5

Villonodular synovitis, likely due to repetitive trauma from exercise.

Question 6

Traumatic poll injury (rearing over backward) often results in rupture of which muscle in the horse?

Answer 6

Longus capitis muscle, rupture occurs at the insertion of the muscle dorsal to the guttural pouch and results in severe hemorrhage. Neurologic issues and death can occur.

Question 7

What is the treatment for angular limb deformity in foals?

Answer 7

Mild cases of angular limb deformity may improve without treatment. Exercise restriction is beneficial.
More extreme cases can be benefit from:
therapeutic horseshoes
shockwave therapy
surgery

Question 8

What is the name of the heart bone made up of connective tissue that separates the atria from the ventricles? And in what species is found?

Answer 8

Left and right Ossa cordis. Seen in older cattle and horses. Shaped like a flat triangle.

Question 9

Name the functional unit of the kidney that is composed of the glomerulus, renal tubule, and capillaries. It is surrounded by Bowman’s capsule.

Answer 9

The Nephron

Question 10

A stray cat is acting strangely and lashing out aggressively. The animal appears hungry and thirsty, yet is unable to swallow properly.
What disease should be top of mind?
Which two cranial nerves are needed to coordinate swallowing?

Answer 10

Rabies is associated with pharyngeal paralysis.

Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9), Vagus nerve (CN 10).

Question 11

What species is the definitive host for Toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 11

Cats. Zoonosis, pregnant women are at risk.

Question 12

In cats, this organism can cause fever, malaise, weight loss, lymphadenopathy. It can be transmitted to dogs.

Answer 12

Bartonella henselae AKA Cat scratch disease.

Question 13

This plant can cause cats to develop fatal renal failure in less than 3 days.

Answer 13

Lilies

Question 14

It is the most common feline oral tumour

Answer 14

Squamous cell carcinoma, followed by fibrosarcoma.

Question 15

Tumour that is typically benign,presents as drastic enlargement of mammary glands seen in younger cats.

Rapid onset, pregnant or non-pregnant females.
Caused by Progesterone.
Megesterol acetate (synthetic progesterone) can also cause this.

Answer 15

Feline mammary hyperplasia (fibroadenomatous hyperplasia).
Spay is the treatment of choice.

Question 16

Cancer drugs Cisplatin,
Doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil are toxic to:

Answer 16

Cats
Cisplat - Pulmonary edema
Doxorubicin - Renal toxicity
5-fluorouracil - Neurotoxicity

Question 17

Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) needs glucoronidate to be metabolized safely, otherwise if will damage hgb, RBC and cause liver failure. Which are the species that can’t produce this enzime and are therefore at risk?

Answer 17

Cats & Dogs

Question 18

Which chronic autoimmune, neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles?

Answer 18

Myasthenia gravis. Tx inhibits break down of acetyl choline.

Question 19

This disease is common in kittens or young adult cats-usually male. Poor doers.
Abdominal or thoracic masses usually found upon clinical examination (Lymphosarcoma).
Dx with ELISA & confirm with IFA

Answer 19

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)
Prognosis fair to poor.
Transmitted easily by saliva.

Question 20

This disease is usually seen in mature outdoor living cats.

The animals present with previous bite wounds, gingivitis, stomatitis, ADR, fever, anorexia & lethargy.

Prognosis is good.

False (+) caused by vaccination

Answer 20

Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Dx: anemia, leukopenia, thrombocitopenia

Rx: Supportive

Question 21

How many cervical vertebrae do each species have?

Answer 21

Eq 7, Bov 7, Can 7, Fel 7.

Question 22

How many T vertebrae do each species have?

Answer 22

Eq 18, Bov 13, Can 13, Fel 13

Question 23

How many L vertebrae do each species have?

Answer 23

Eq 6, Bov 6, Can 7, Fel 7

Question 24

How many S Vertebrae do each species have?

Answer 24

Eq 5, Bov 5, Can 3, Fel 3

Question 25

How many C vertebrae do each species have?

Answer 25

Eq 15-21, Bov 18-20, Can 20-23, Fel 20-23

Question 26

Opening in the C Vert that is occupied by the Vert. artery and vein in the first 6 vert and only the vert vein in the seventh.

Answer 26

Foramen transversarium

Question 28

What is the most likely explanation for the appearance of the calf with a very short, curly, frosted-looking pale coat and normal-appearing skin?

Answer 28

Congenital hypotrichosis.” This condition is characterized by a very short, curly, frosted-looking pale coat and normal-appearing skin. It is an autosomal recessive genetic problem.

Question 29

What is the diagnosis for a 16-month-old female guinea pig with a 2-week history of anorexia, diarrhea, lethargy, and weakness?

Answer 29

Vitamin C deficiency.” When you see hemorrhages SQ in a guinea pig, think of scurvy (vitamin C deficiency). Symptoms can include swollen joints, lameness, anorexia, diarrhea, weakness, and a rough hair coat. Treatment involves daily vitamin C supplementation.