General Flashcards
Types of Pictorial sketches
Oblique
Isometric
Planometric
1-Point Perspective
2-Point Perspective
Examples of Preliminary sketches
Sketches
Thumbnails
Orthographic sketches
Examples of Promotional graphics
3D illustration - shows how it will look
Websites
Magazines
What are the advantages of thumbnails?
Used to communicate early stage designs to clients and other members of design team
No specialist skills required
Quick free flowing ideas not restricted by software
If mistakes are made cheap to fix
What are the purpose of Orthographic sketches?
Used to plan out designs before beginning CAD production
What are the advantages of orthographic layouts?
Can show section/detail views for specific requirements or trades.
Shows true shapes of surfaces.
Always drawn to scale.
Can be easily dimensioned.
What are the advantages of exploded drawings?
Shows total number of parts
How it fits together
What are the advantages of pictorial drawings such as isometric and 2 point perspective?
Easier for non technical people to understand
Can get an idea of how the product looks
What are the advantages of interactive displays?
Grabs attention
Can have multiple languages
Can have videos
What are the advantages of a website?
Can be accessed anywhere in the world
Can have multiple languages
Can be updated at anytime
Can contain a shop
Can contain videos
What are the advantages of CAD illustrations?
Shows materials and colours
Can see what looks like at different times of day
Easy to send digitally
Easier for non technical audience to understand
What is the advantage of traditional sketching over digital?
No training required
Low cost
No specialist tools
What is the advantages of digital sketching?
Can turn layers on or off
Can easily undo mistakes
Can export as vector
Easily make changes
Variety of tools
What is true shape?
True shape is the perpendicular projection of a sloped surface
What is the difference between the major and minor axis of an ellipse?
Major axis is the widest part of an ellipse
Minor is the thinnest part
State the illustration techniques we can apply to create a realistic 3D illustration
Light
Shadow
Reflection
Material (wood, brick etc)
Texture (rough or smooth)
What is the advantages of using a ‘sited environment’ for a 3D illustration?
Can see what the models materials looks like in its environment
Can see how it looks in different conditions
Can see its scale
How can we use line/shape to enhance a layout?
We can create contrast (ie diagonal/up and down)
Create unity - repeat a shape
Lead your eyes in a direction
How can we use texture to enhance a layout?
Create contrast (rough and smooth)
Create depth
How can we use mass to enhance a layout?
Create dominance
Create contrast
How do you answer an alignment question?
Draw the alignment on the page
You must state what side of each part is linked with what side of the other part.
What effect does alignment have on the reader?
Creates a neat and organised look
Links objects together
How can value be used to enhance a layout?
Creates contrast (high v low value)
Creates depth (high value = further away0
Dominance - low value = more dominant
What effect does balance have on the reader?
Symmetrical - draws eyes to centre of page
Neat
Asymmetrical - leads eyes to one side
How can you create emphasis?
Low value
Closer depth
Drop shadow
Increased mass
Emboldened
How can you create rhythm?
Repeat an object
How do you create unity?
Proximity - close to each other
Text wrap
Repeating something (ie colour/shape etc)
What 2 effects does white space create?
Gives your eyes a rest
Leads you eye towards the object it surrounds
How does grid structure enhance the look of a DTP design?
Creates a neat and organised look
separates information into sections making it easier to read.
What are the advantages of cloud based computing?
Lots of people can work on the same file at the same time
People are able to access files anywhere in the world
We can use online software to edit files out with the office
Files are regularly backed up on a remote server and therefor not lost if there is a fire
What are the disadvantages of cloud computing?
No signal or internet means no access
Risk of being hacked
What are the advantages of using stock images?
Don’t need to travel to locations of photo
Don’t need to spend lots of money on camera equipment
What are the disadvantages of using stock images?
Wont get the exact photo that you need
Cost of purchasing the rights to the photo
What are the reasons people watermark their stock images?
So the image cant be stolen
Advertise the brand
Describe what is meant by bottom up modelling?
Where you create a part from a blank sketch
Part then needs to be assembled and constrained after.
What are the advantages of using CAD over drawing boards?
Can easily export to 3D printers
Easy to undo mistakes or change materials
Can be emailed in minutes
Can work together at same time using cloud computing
Can save to CAD library to be used again
Describe what is meant by top down up modelling?
Where a new part is created within an existing assembly
Project geometry is used to capture existing sizes
Doesn’t require assembly constraints
What is the advantage of a vector graphic over a raster graphic?
No pixilation when zoomed in or enlarged
Small file size
Can be edited after saved.
State what type of file a SVG file is and its advantages.
Vector file
Used for colour logos etc
Can be exported to CAM (laser engraver)
Small file size
State what type of file a DXF file is and its advantages.
Vector graphics
No colour
Used for cam
Small file size
State what type of file a DWG file is and its advantages.
Vector
Contains layers that can be turned on/off
Used for CAD and building drawings
State what type of file a JPEG file is and its advantages.
Raster
Used for internet images of low quality
Smaller file size
State what type of file a BMP file is and its advantages.
Raster
Used for high quality photos
Large file size
State what type of file a PNG file is and its advantages.
Raster
Stores transparency layer
State what type of file a STEP/IGES file is and its advantages.
3D file
Used to export 3d model to clients or CAM (3d printing etc)
State what type of file a 3DS file is and its advantages.
3D Scene file
Stores all models
All cameras
All lights
And materials
State a suitable file type for a Print Ready Document and describe its purpose
PDF
Final digital file to be sent for printing-stores all pre press marks – crop marks etc
Both vector and raster images
What are Crop marks?
Shows the printer where to trim the pages
Allows for edge to edge printing so images can bleed
What are Colour calibration bars?
Scanner by the printer so they can check if the colours have printed correctly
What is Loreum Ipsum used for?
Place holder text
Used during the planning of DTP document
Saves having to write out large bodies of text
What is the purpose of the margin?
White space around the text to give eyes a rest
What is the purpose of the gutter?
White space between columns to give eyes a rest
To make design neat.
What is a pull quote and what effect does it create?
A quote from within the body text that is enlarged
Draws readers eyes to article
Gives and insight to what the body text is about.
What is a header?
Header is the text at the top of every page
Normally the chapter title
What is a footer?
Text at bottom of every page
Normally page number
what are the advantages of a paperless office?
Good for environment - no wasted inks or paper
Can quickly email clients
What are the advantages of a paperless office?
Good for environment - no wasted inks or paper
Can quickly email clients
What are the disadvantages of a paperless office?
Some traditional clients prefer paper copies
If no power or wifi - then you cant work.
How can you reduce the environmental impact of printing?
Reduce gaps between each copy
Use recycled inks
Use bio inks
Use recycled paper
Describe the challenges that might be faced if two companies from different countries were working collaboratively using cloud computing
May overwrite each others work
May use different standards ie 1st angle/3rd angle
May use different programs
Watermarks
- Protects intellectual property of the company
- Protects others from selling or passing off images as their own
- It can act as advertisement for the company
- Prevents the use of images without payment being made
Cloud Computing
- Enables access to data anywhere with internet connection
- Work can be done using mobile technologies: laptops, tablets, phones - supporting flexible working practices.
- Software accessed from the cloud is automatically updated, saving you time from approving updates manually
- Collaboration is more efficient a ream members can work with the data/software from any location with a signal
Cloud Storage
Advantages:
- Storing on the cloud is normally much cheaper then storing on hard drives
- Access can be granted from anywhere with internet connection
- Recovery is normally available in the event of hard-drive failure
Disadvantages:
- Limitations include the download and upload speeds dependent on the speed of internet connection
Paperless Offices and Using recycled materials
- Reduces the need for physical storage space
- Allow faster access to documents
- Reduces paper clutter
- Saves money on paper and storage
What is a sub-assembly
A sub-assembly is a group of components that function together as a single unit
